苏州大学考博英语1.doc

北京理工大学2?00?6年 博士研究生入学考试英语试题 ?? Part??I????Reading?Comprehension?(40?points) ? Directions:?In?this?part?there?are?four?passages?for?you?to?read,?After?each?passage?there?are?five?questions,?below?each?of?whom?there?are?four?answers?marked?A，B，C?and?D．Choose爐he燽est燼nswer燼nd爉ark爐he燾orresponding爈etter爓ith燼爌encil爋n爐he燤ACHINE-SCORING?ANSWER?SHEET?with?a?single?line?through?the?center. ? Passage?One I?was?introduced?to?the?concept?of?literacy?animator?in?Oladumi?Airbed’s?(1994)?article?on?high?illiteracy?rates?among?women?and?school?dropout?rates?among?girls.?According?to?Arigbede,?literacy?animators?view?their?role?as?assisting?in?the?self-liberating?development?of?people?in?the?world?who?are?struggling?for?a?more?meaningful?life.?Animators?are?a?family?of?deeply?concerned?and?committed?people?whose?gut-level?rejection?of?mass?human?pauperization?compels?them?to?intervene?on?the?side?of?the?marginalized.?Their?motivation?is?not?derived?from?a?love?of?literacy?as?merely?another?technical?life?skill,?and?they?accept?that?literacy?is?never?culturally?or?ideologically?neutral. 我在奥拉杜米·阿吉戈贝德的文章上接触到了扫盲志士这个概念，这篇文章发表于1994年。该文章描述了女人中的高文盲率和女孩中的高辍学率。根据阿吉戈贝德的观点，扫盲志士以帮助世界各地那些为更有意义生活而奋斗人们的自我解放为己任。这些扫盲志士非常热心也很敬业，他们真切地拒绝集体赤贫化，这驱使他们积极参与到对边缘化人们的帮扶工作中。他们的动力不是来自视识字仅仅是人们的一种技术性生活技巧意义上的热爱。他们认为识字水平在文化和意识形态意义上从来不是中性的。 Arigbede?writes?from?her?experiences?as?an?animator?working?with?women?and?men?in?Nigeria.?She?believes?that?literacy?animators?have?to?make?a?clear?choice?about?whose?culture?and?whose?ideology?will?be?fostered?among?those?with?whom?they?work.?Do?literacy?educators?in?the?United?States?consider?whether?the?instruction?they?pursue?conflicts?with?their?students?traditional?cultures?or?community,?or?fosters?illiteracies?in?learners?first?or?home?languages?or?dialects?and?in?their?orality? 阿吉戈贝德基于她在尼日利亚以扫盲志士身份跟男女一起工作的经历进行写作。她确 信，扫盲志士必须在如下方面做出明确选择：在跟自己工作的人们中间培养什么样的文化 和意识形态。美国的文化教育工作者们是否想到过，他们实行的教育是否跟学生的传统文 化或共性相冲突；是否在学习者的第一语言或母语或方言，以及其口语形态方面对文盲者有所促进？?? Some?approaches?to?li