第二讲 段落(paragraph).pptVIP

段落是构成文章的基本单位，是文章表达思想内容时，由于转折、强调等所造成的文字停顿。形式上，它具有“换行”另起的明显特点。内容上，无论它是短至一句，还是长至数百言，都是用于说明一个主要观点，发挥一个主要。一个结构完整的段落，必须具有整体性（Unity），连贯性（Coherence），组织安排技巧（Skills of Development）等特点。 第三讲 段落（paragraph）（一）--------主题句和辅助句----专题阅读 主题句和辅助句（Topic Sentence and Supporting Idea)文章围绕一定的主题展开，而段落则说明主题的一个方面。在段落中概括说明文章某个方面的关键句子就是主题句。而辅助句是在段落中阐明、发挥主题句的一系列句子。主题句的构思与确定方法较多，其中之一是先一般论述（General Statement），然后在第二句用更具体的方法论述。这两个句子可以组合成主题句。 Communication Many members of animal kingdom communicate（General Statement）. But humans communicate in the most sophisticated(复杂的) way. 主题句：While Many members of animal kingdom communicate, humans communicate in the most sophisticated(复杂的) way. 主题句的位置比较灵活，它可能出现在段落的开头、中间、结尾；也可能在开头和结尾同时出现，还有可能不出现，蕴含在整段文字之中。 主题句出现在段落的开头。 Airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care . Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather ,unclaimed luggage and technical problems . 2、主题句出现在段落的末尾。 Because lunch comes in the midday of the day, it gives me a welcome break from studying. At school, lunch means thirty minutes out of class and a chance to rest after morning’s work. While eating ,I can plan what I’m going to do in the afternoon. And besides offering a pleasant break in the day, lunch is always a good meal. In fact, eating lunch is one of my favorite pastimes. 3、主题句同时出现在段首和段末。 English is full of words that have gradually changed their meanings. One example is the word “graft” . The verb of “graft” first meant merely to work.. English people once used the word in such expressions as “ Where are you grafting?” meaning “Where are you working?” From this perfectly respectable meaning, the word has gradually changed. Today “graft” refers to illegal gains won by dishonored politicians. “Graft” is a striking example of how many words have taken on new meanings over the years. 4、主题句出现在段落中间。 The year was 1859. The book had not long