(新)8比较级最高级--Lecture 25.pptVIP

Lecture 25 Comparison and Comparative Constructions Introduction： As has been shown, most adjectives and adverbs are gradable and can be used in comparative clauses. When appearing in comparative constructions, adjectives and adverbs take special grammatical forms which are called forms of comparison.(p283) 25. 1 Comparison of adjectives and adverbs With gradable adjectives and adverbs, there are three degrees of comparison: positive / absolute degree, comparative degree and superlative degree. Question: 1. What is Synthetic Form? 2. What is Analytic Form? 25. 2 Comparative constructions There are three types of comparative construction: 1. as ... as construction (1) The basic pattern of as ... as construction is as + adjective,/ adverb + as, e.g.: John is as bright as Bob. This can be negated to produce either John is not as bright as Bob“. or John is not so bright as Bob. There are parallels between a negative as ... as and a less …than construction, which in actual usage is not so common as the former. (2)用来比较同一个人或事物的不同方面, 如: The girl was as bright as she was beautiful. （既……又……） 用来比较不同人或事物的相同方面，如： Tom is taller than John. 用来比较不同人或事物的不同方面，如: The swimming pool is as wide as that one is long.这个游泳池的宽就和那个游泳池的长一样。 Cathy is as beautiful as Sam is strong. (3) 在此结构中，形容词之前可以有一个状语加以修饰，如：almost, by no means, exactly, just, nearly, not half, quite, twice, three (four…) times等. Jack is almost as tall as John. This room is three times as large as that one. (4) Another pattern of as ... as construction is as much/many +noun + as-clause, in which much and many are determiners. The negative form of this pattern is not as/so much / many +noun + as-clause, e.g.: You can take as much butter as you need. She wrote as many essays as her brother (did). He didn’t drink as / so much wine as his roommate. There is, in addition, a variant（变体） form of as ... as construction: as + adjective + noun phrase + as-clause, eg: George is as efficient a worker a