商务决策分析.pptVIP

Copyright ?2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Language of Games Language of Games (continued) Language of Games (continued) The Minimax Criterion The Minimax Criterion (continued) Minmax Solution The Minimax Criterion (continued) The Minimax Criterion (continued) Mixed Strategy Game Mixed Strategy Games (continued) Mixed Strategy Games (continued) 4P + 2(1-P) = 1P + 10(1-P)4P – 2P – 1P + 10P = 10 – 2P = 8/11 and 1-P = 3/11 Expected payoff: 1P + 10(1-P) = 1(8/11) + 10(3/11)  = 3.46 4Q + 1(1-Q) = 2Q + 10(1-Q)4Q – 1Q – 2Q + 10Q = 10 – 1Q = 9/11 and 1-Q = 2/11 Expected payoff: 2Q + 10(1-Q) = 2(9/11) + 10(2/11) = 3.46 Dominance Dominance (continued) Dominance (continued) Procedure for Solving Two-Person, Zero Sum Games * Module 4 Game Theory To accompanyQuantitative Analysis for Management, Eleventh Edition, by Render, Stair, and Hanna Power Point slides created by Cherry Learning Objectives Understand the principles of zero-sum, two-person games. Analyze pure strategy games and use dominance to reduce the size of the game. Solve mixed strategy games when there is no saddle point. After completing this chapter, students will be able to: Chapter Outline M4.1 Introduction M4.2 Language of Games M4.3 The Minimax Criterion M4.4 Pure Strategy Games M4.5 Mixed Strategy Games M4.6 Dominance Game: a contest involving two or more decision makers, each of whom wants to win. Game theory: the study of how optimal strategies are formed in conflict. Game theory has been effectively used for: War strategies Union negotiators Competitive business strategies Introduction Elements Players Rules Strategies Payoffs Game models- Games classified by: Number of players Sum of all payoffs Number of strategies employed If cooperation is permitted? A zero sum game implies that what is gained by one player is lost for the other. Introduction(continued) Consider a duopoly competitive busin