Problemsolvingmethodandtools程序.ppt

1. What is 8D report? 8D methodology uses a structured eight step approach to problem solving. The objective is to face the problem and discover the weaknesses in the management systems that permitted the problem to occur in the first place. The output of an 8D process is an 8D report. The steps in 8D Report are also called “disciplines,” hence the name 8D Report. 1D: Team Formation 组建团队 8D procedures are used for solving exact problems. The approach is based on a team working together to solve a problem. Teamwork must be coordinated and guided. The team should include only competent persons actively involved in the process and who have been assigned a task or responsibility in subsequent steps. Efficient teams are usually not big. 2D: Problem Description 问题描述 The more clearly the problem is defined the more likely it will be resolved. Problem solving must be based on facts, not opinions. It is important to clarify the issue type, what is wrong, when did it happen, how big the failure extent is and how many times has it happened. The description must be specific and easy to understand. If possible, a supposed cause should be specified. A complete problem description offers the team directions to solve the problem and helps them prioritize tasks. For example, the fact that defective products were already sent to a customer is very important in deciding which containment actions to take and in prioritizing those actions. Good description is a foundation for later problem solving. 3D: Interim Containment Actions 临时遏制措施 In this 8D Report step we try to limit the problem extent and protect our customer. Interim containment actions are a “first aid” that protects the customer from the problem until we define the root cause and implement permanent corrective actions. Containment actions must not introduce any new problems. They have to be carefully documented with precise information (product codes, lot numbers, dates, etc.). This information can then be used to verif