韩愈“审丑诗歌”研究.pdf

摘 要 摘 要 翻开韩愈这位文学大家的诗卷，种种怪奇诗歌映入眼帘，一首首丑陋之诗作回想脑 际。传统审美观点把美定义为一种和谐、完整、统一的高尚状态，丑是一种不和谐、不 完美和混沌的状态，而审美、审丑是人主观情感的折射，泼墨在“审”一字。退之突破 传统写景抒情类诗歌创作，虽秉承“诗言志”之原则，却在诗歌中屡屡运用丑陋之意象、 事物及奇特之笔法，这就是这位文学大家的过人之处，引领一代“怪奇”诗风。按照狭 义之丑和广义之丑来划分韩愈之诗歌，狭义丑包括丑之物、丑之象及丑之事；广义之丑 包括韩诗中生僻的字眼，奇语的运用以及“以文为诗”笔法的运用，这是值得注意的现 象，并让其在文坛上占据一席之地。然而一首首不寒而栗的诗作却展现了韩愈一生宦海 沉浮、漂泊不定的人生经历，也透漏了一种情怀，即为官豁达，宠辱不惊。流贬南荒的 悲愤、朝廷奸佞之人的诽谤，早已让他心如死水，只是自己妻儿仍无安身之处，愧对他 们，每一首“丑”诗都是韩愈发自心底的呐喊，是愤恨、绝望、走投无路，所以才有后 来我们看到的篇篇怪字堆砌的作品。 韩愈的“求新”、“求怪”在当时和后代都有一定效应，“韩孟诗派”追求怪怪奇奇 的文风，流派成员孟郊、贾岛、李贺、刘叉、卢仝、马异、刘叉等刻意求“丑”，当下 互相效仿，而宋代欧阳修、苏轼、黄庭坚等大家也程度不等受其影响。 研究韩愈这一面，即是扩展文学的视野，从其“审美”“审丑”主流与支流的关系 辩证看待文学大家的一生，可以说，这是对文学大家另一面的深入挖掘。 关键词 韩愈 诗歌 美丑之界定 狭义丑 广义丑 成因探究 影响 I Abstract Abstract When you are turning up the Poetry Volume of Hanyu , you will find a variety of queer poetries as well as many homely images. People hold the conventional point of view that they define the beauty as a condition of harmonious, integrated and unified. Otherwise, ugliness is a state of disharmonious, incomplete , defective and chaotic. The appreciation of the beauty and the ugliness is a reflection of our subjective emotion, which emphasize the character of survey. Although he carried on the principle that poetry can express people’s aspiration, he, constantly applied the ugly images and objects, and the odd writing ,furthermore, he breakthrough the conventional poetry creation which based on the principle of landscape description and feeling expression, it is the great advantage than others who leaded the odd Literary style in dynasty. We can di