初中化学基本概念和重要物质(国外英文资料).docVIP

初中化学基本概念和重要物质(国外英文资料) Basic concepts and important substances of junior middle school chemistry I. Basic Concepts and basic theories 1. physical changes: no changes in other substances are called physical changes. 2. chemical change: changes in the formation of other substances, this change is called chemical change. 3. chemical properties: the properties of substances in chemical changes are called chemical properties. 4. physical properties: materials do not need to occur chemical changes of the properties shown, such as color, state, odor, melting point, boiling point, hardness, density, etc., called physical properties. 5. standard condition: when the temperature is 0 degrees and the pressure is 101.325 kPa. 6. catalyst: a chemical reaction that changes the rate of reaction of other substances in a chemical reaction. The mass and chemical properties of the material are not changed before or after chemical reactions. They are called catalysts (or catalysts). 7. catalysis: the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction is called catalysis. 8. basic reaction types: Combination reaction: the reaction of two or more substances to form another substance, called a combination reaction, two. The reaction of two or more than two substances produced by one substance, called a decomposition reaction. Displacement reaction: the reaction of a simple substance with a compound to produce another substance and another compound is called a displacement reaction. Metathesis: the reaction of two compounds by exchanging components to produce two other compounds, called metathesis. 9. oxidation reduction reaction, oxidant, reducing agent Oxidation: the chemical reaction of matter with oxygen is called oxidation. Reduction reaction: the oxygen in a oxygenated compound is taken up by oxygen, which is called a reduction reaction. Oxidation-reduction reaction: the reaction of a substance to be oxidized while another substance is reduced is called a redox reaction. 10. combustion and spon