神经病学绪论华中同济_培训课件.pptVIP

CT 辅助检查 MRI、MRA 辅助检查 MRI新技术 弥散（DWI）和灌注（PWI）成像技术 超早期诊断脑梗死 缺血半暗带界定 血管造影 (angiography) 辅助检查 PET (positron emission tomography, PET） 辅助检查 SPECT 复杂部分性发作的癫痫病人发作期与发作间期SPECT差值与MRI叠加 辅助检查 (经颅多普勒 transcranial Doppler , TCD) 辅助检查 脑电图 (electroencephalography) 辅助检查 诱发电位(evoked potentials) 躯体感觉诱发电位 (somatosensory evoked potentials, SEP) 视觉诱发电位 (visual evoked potentials, VEP) 脑干听觉诱发电位 (brainstem auditory evoked potentials, BAEP) 运动诱发电位 (motor evoked potentials, MEP) 事件相关电位(event-related potential, ERP) 辅助检查 肌电图 (electromyography)与神经传导检查 (nerve conduction studies ) 肌电图 神经传导检查 辅助检查 肌肉、神经、皮肤、脑及其它组织的活 检(Biopsy of muscle, nerve, skin, brain, and other tissue) 心理测量(Psychometry) 视野检查(Perimetry)、测听(audio-metry) 辅助检查 诊断技巧 临床分析应关注主要的症状和体征，避免被次要体征和不确定的临床资料误导。 Focus the clinical analysis on the principal symptoms and signs and avoid being distracted by minor signs and uncertain clinical data. 治疗 THERAPEUTICS 在内科领域，神经病学传统上被许多人视为不过是对无法治疗的疾病下诊断的智力训练。 Among medical specialties, neurology has traditionally been thought of by many as little more than an intellectual exercise concerned with making diagnoses of untreatable diseases. 例如： 血管支架成形术(angioplasty and stenting)治疗颈动脉或颅内动脉狭窄(carotid stenoses or intracranial stenoses) 。 其中，颈动脉支架成形术(Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting, CAS) 较为成熟。 治疗 THERAPEUTICS 治疗 THERAPEUTICS 治疗 THERAPEUTICS 支架是一个小金属网管，置入动脉中提供支撑。 A stent is a small wire mesh tube, inserted and acts as a scaffold to provide support inside the artery. 治疗 THERAPEUTICS 过滤装置，与抗血小板药物联用，预防微栓子。 Filter devices, combined with antiplatelet medication, provide protection against microemboli. 治疗 THERAPEUTICS 在操作结束时，过滤装置带着所俘获的残片移出动脉。 At the end of the procedure, the filter is removed from the artery along with captured debris. 治疗 THERAPEUTICS 手术前后比较（颈动脉） 治疗 THERAPEUTICS 手术前后比较（大脑中动脉） 治疗 THERAPEUTICS 因此，掌握神经病学的诊断方法既有益于临床医生在诊断、预后和治疗方面的解决实际问题，也有益于临床科研工作者对疾病机制与病因的探究。 The clinical method of neurology thus serves both the physician in the pract