国际经济学-克鲁格曼英文版课件-nobel08ch01.pptVIP

Chapter 1 Introduction Preview What is international economics about? Gains from trade Explaining patterns of trade The effects of government policies on trade International finance topics International trade versus international finance What Is International Economics About? International economics is about how nations interact through trade of goods and services, through flows of money and through investment. International economics is an old subject, but it continues to grow in importance as countries become tied to the international economy. Nations are more closely linked through trade in goods and services, through flows of money, and through investment than ever before. What Is International Economics About? (cont.) International trade as a fraction of the national economy has tripled for the U.S. in the past 40 years. Compared to the U.S., other countries are even more tied to international trade. Fig. 1-1: Exports and Imports as a Percentage of U.S. National Income Fig. 1-2: Exports and Imports as Percentage of National Income in 2005 Gains from Trade Several ideas underlie the gains from trade When a buyer and a seller engage in a voluntary transaction, both receive something that they want and both can be made better off. Norwegian consumers could buy oranges through international trade that they otherwise would have a difficult time producing. The producer of the oranges receives income that it can use to buy the things that it desires. Gains from Trade (cont.) How could a country that is the most (least) efficient producer of everything gain from trade? With a finite amount of resources, countries can use those resources to produce what they are most productive at (compared to their other production choices), then trade those products for goods and services that they want to consume. Countries can specialize in production, while consuming many goods and services through trade. Gains from Trade (cont.) Trade is predicted to benefit a country by making