亨利二世.pptVIP

Early life and descent Thanks for watching! * Henry II Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189) ruled as King of England (1154–1189), Henry, the great-grandson of William the Conqueror, was the first of the House of Plantagenet (金雀花王朝是英格兰中世纪最强大的一个封建王朝 )to rule England. Henry was the first to use the title “King of England”. Appearance Several sources record Henry’s appearance. They all agree that he was very strong and energetic. He was strongly built, with a large, leonine head, freckle fiery face and red hair cut short and his eyes were grey. Henry II was born in Le Mans, France. His mother, Empress Matilda(马蒂尔达皇后), the daughter of Henry I (reigned 1100–1135). Henry II controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France. Like his grandfather, Henry I of England, Henry II had an outstanding knowledge of the law. A talented linguist and excellent Latin speaker. Henry was modest and mixed with all classes easily. He does not take upon himself to think high thoughts, his tongue never swells with elated language; he does not magnify himself as more than man. His generosity was well-known . character Domestic policy Legal reform Henry II‘s reign saw the establishment of Royal Magistrate [?m?d?istreit] courts(皇家法院). This allowed court officials under authority of the Crown to adjudicate local disputes（当地争端）, reducing the workload on Royal courts proper and delivering justice with greater efficiency. Henry also worked to make the legal system fairer. Henry‘s support of juries (陪审团)was a great contribution to the country’s social history and allowed for a smoother transition（过渡） from ordeal（神裁法 ） to jury than was managed in other European nations where trial（审问） by inquisition and even torture became commonplace. Religious policy Strengthening royal control over the church In the tradition of Norman kings（诺曼国王）, Henry II was keen to have secular law（世俗法 ） predominate over（凌驾于） the law of the church. The clergy（神职人员 ） had a free hand, and were not required to