教育政策与法规课程.pdfVIP

教育政策与法规第四讲 经济社会发展与教育改革 李俊 2015.12 同济大学职业技术教育学院 Chinesisch-Deutsches Institut für Berufsbildung (CDIBB) der Tongji-Universität Sino-German Institute of Vocational Education (CDIBB) of Tongji University 背景 经济社会发展对教育提出了新的挑战、更高的要求，比如：经济发展 和产业结构调整带来的对人力资源的新的要求，城市化进程和人口结 构变化所带来的受教育人口数量及构成等方面的变化。 一方面人们在不断追求更高质量的教育，与此同时社会对于教育公平 的呼声也越来越高。 教育政策的制订和实施一方面尝试呼应和解决特定的经济社会及教育 问题，另一方面也带来了一定的经济社会后果。 职业技术教育学院 CDIBB / 2 最为显著的例子——工业革命 工业革命对人类社会产生了哪些影响？ 这些影响使得教育发生了怎样的变化？ “人类历史中其实只发生了一件事” The economic history of the world is surprisingly simple. It can be presented in one diagram, as in figure 1 below. Before 1800 income per capita for all the societies we observe fluctuated. There were good and bad periods. But there was no upward trend. The great span of human history - from the arrival of anatomically modern man to Confucius, Plato, Aristotle, Michelangelo, Shakespeare, Beethoven, and all the way to Jane Austen indeed - was lived in societies caught in the Malthusian trap. Jane Austen may write about refined conversation over tea served in China cups，but for the mass of people as late as 1813 material conditions were no better than their ancestors of the African savannah. The Darcys were few, the poor plentiful.Gregory Clark “1750年英国人的物质生活比较接近于凯撒军团的水平，而不是 其曾孙辈的水平” ——戴维.兰德斯1969 《解放了的普罗米修斯》 A Schematic History of World Economic Growth 工业革命与教育 工业革命 Around 1780 came the Industrial Revolution in England. Incomes per capita began a sustained growth in a favored group of countries around 1820. In the last two hundred years in the most fortunate countries real incomes per capita rose 10-15 fold. The modern world was born. The Industrial Revolution thus represents the single great event of world economic history，the change between two fundamentally different