碳酸盐类矿物.pdfVIP

A Nend.Know. Accomplish Carbonate Minerals 碳酸盐矿物 Generally the carbonate minerals are found at or near the surface.They represent the Earths largest storehouse of carbon （碳的最大储 仓）.They all are on the soft side,from hardness 3 to 4 on the Mohs hardness scale （莫氏硬度3~4 ）.Every serious rockhound （矿物学家） and geologist （地质学家）takes a little vial of hydrochloric acid into the field(野外带上一小瓶盐酸),just to deal with the carbonates.The carbonate minerals shown here react differently to hydrochloric acid(下面的碳酸盐矿物与盐酸反应现象不同),as follows: Aragonite bubbles strongly in cold acid 文石、霰石在冷盐酸中剧烈气泡 Calcite bubbles strongly in cold acid 方解石在冷盐酸中剧烈气泡 Cerussite does not react (it bubbles in nitric acid) 白铅矿在盐酸中不反应，在硝酸中气泡 Dolomite bubbles weakly in cold acid, strongly in hot acid 白云石在冷盐酸中起点点泡，在热酸中剧烈起泡 Magnesite bubbles only in hot acid 菱镁矿、海泡石只在热盐酸中起泡 Malachite bubbles strongly in cold acid 孔雀石在冷盐酸中剧烈起泡 Rhodochrosite bubbles weakly in cold acid, strongly in hot acid 菱锰矿在冷盐酸中起点点泡，在热酸中剧烈起泡 Siderite bubbles only in hot acid 菱铁矿只在热盐酸中起泡 Smithsonite bubbles only in hot acid 菱锌矿只在热盐酸中起泡 Witherite bubbles strongly in cold acid 碳钡矿、毒重石在冷盐酸中剧烈气泡 2- 碳酸盐是由一种或多种金属或半金属元素与碳酸根（CO ） 结合而成的化合物。方解石是最常见的碳酸盐，由钙与碳酸根化合而成。当钡替代钙 3 时，形成毒重石，当锰替代钙时，形成菱锰矿。碳酸盐通常形成发育良好的菱面体晶形，并易溶于盐酸，颜色一般鲜明。硝酸盐是 ·Aragonite 文石、 霰石 Aragonite is calcium carbonate(CaCO ),with the same chemical formula as calcite ,but its carbonate ions are packed differently 3 （方解石） （C . It is formed by biological and physical processes , including precipitation 离子排列方式不一样） （生物成因、物理成因——内生作用、外生作用） （沉淀作用）from marine an