博物学——人类拯救灵魂的一条小路.PDFVIP

载《广西民族大学学报》哲学社会科学版，2011 年第 6 期 博物学——人类拯救灵魂的一条小路 田松 【内容提要】博物学是一门古老的学问，现在倡导新博物学，是在其与数理科学相对的意义 强调的。数理科学持机械自然观，以数学为工具，实验为手段，将自然视为研究、分析、计 算、控制、改造、重构的对象。基于数理科学的技术则将机械自然观应用于大自然，将大自 然视为巨大的实验室，从而导致全球性的生态危机和环境危机。在工业文明的整体背景之下， 数理科学及其技术必然会为资本所用，使人类的生存状态日益恶化。博物学持生态自然观， 将自然视为相互依存的生命体系，人是这个体系的一部分。在这种观念下，自然是人类观察、 体验、了解、关怀乃至于敬畏的对象。博物学提供了人与自然相处的最基本的途径。要建设 生态文明，在意识形态的层面，需要以生态自然观替代机械自然观，从人类中心主义转向非 人类中心主义。博物学提供了这样一种可能性：人类意识到自身对自然的伤害，与自然和解， 重新达成和谐。 【关键词】博物学，生态自然观，机械自然观，数理科学，非人类中心主义，生态文明建设 Natural History: A path for the Salvation of Human Beings TIAN Song Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China Abstract: Natural History is a branch of Knowledge with a long history. Nowadays, new natural history is advocated and emphasized based on its contrast against mathematical sciences. Mathematical sciences hold a mechanical view of natural, taking nature as a great laboratory, which can lead to global ecological and environmental crisis. By contrast, natural history holds an ecological view of nature, seeing nature as an interdependent life system with humans as a part of it. Under such perspective, nature is the object for observation, experience, understanding, caring and even awe. Natural history provides the most basic way for humans and nature to coexist. In order to build an ecological civilization, we need to replace the mechanical view of nature with its ecological counterpart ideologically, and turn from anthropocentrism to non-anthropocentrism. Natural history provides such a possibilitywhen humans become aware of their damage to nature, they will reconcile with nature and strive for harmony. Key Words: natural history; ecological view of nature; mechanical view of nature; building of ecological civilization. 博物学是一门古老的学问，举凡目之所见，耳之所闻，手之所触，鼻之所嗅，