【3.1】2012年肺部真菌感染综述.pdfVIP

bs_bs_banner INVITED REVIEW SERIES: TRANSLATING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE SERIES EDITORS: JOHN E HEFFNER AND DAVID CL LAM Pulmonary fungal infections JEANNINA A. SMITH1 AND CAROL A. KAUFFMAN1,2 1Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, and 2Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Key words: aspergillosis, endemic mycosis, fungal ABSTRACT pneumonia, galactomannan test, opportunistic mycosis. This review details some of the advances that have been made in the recent decade in the diagnosis, treatment INTRODUCTION and epidemiology of pulmonary fungal infections. These advances have occurred because of increasing There have been important advances in the diagnosis knowledge regarding the fungal genome, better under- and treatment of both the endemic and the opportu- standing of the structures of the fungal cell wall and nistic mycoses, in the delineation of the epidemiology cell membrane and the use of molecular epidemiologi- of invasive pulmonary mould infections in immuno- cal techniques. The clinical implications of these compromised patients and in the taxonomy of both advances are more rapid diagnosis and more effective yeasts and moulds that cause pulmonary infection. In and less toxic antifungal agents. For example, the diag- the last decade, less well-known moulds, such as nosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, as well as members of the Fusarium and Scedosporium genera, histoplasmosis and blastomycosis, has improved with are increasingly found to cause invasive pulmonary