英汉互译第三讲汉译英句子的构造.pptVIP

;汉译英句子的构句之一----主语的处理;主语的选择和确立;;;汉译英中，主语的 确立是句子翻译的第一步。选择了一定的主语，基本决定了句子构造的走向。主语选择恰当，句子就便于构造了。常常选择不同成分作主语，决定了不同的组句方式。例如： 1) 为了维持生计，有沉重和繁重的家务要干。不少家庭主妇被家务活累坏了身体。 ? In order to make a living, there is a lot of heavy housework. As a result, many housewives break down. (?) ? In order to make a living, many housewives have to do a lot of housework so that they finally break down. (?) ? Revised: In order to make a living, many housewives have to do a lot of housework and eventually exhaust themselves physically. 主语选择合适, 便于构句 ;1. 以原句主语作译文主语;3) 离上海仅有几小时路程的苏州和杭州，是中国园林艺术的代表，被人称为“天堂”。 a. Neighbouring Suzhou and Hangzhou, only a couple of hours away from Shanghai by train or by car, embody the essence of Chinese gardening architecture and are considered by the Chinese to be paradise on earth. （保留了原句的主语） b. A few hours ride (from Shanghai 上文暗含)will take you to Suzhou and Hangzhou, which represents the essence of Chinese Gardening Arts, and is, therefore, known as “paradise on earth.” (主语选择灵活，便于构句) ;2．增补主语;3) 到了济南府，进得城来，家家泉水，户户垂柳，比那江南风景觉得更为有趣。 ;3) 到了济南府，进得城来，家家泉水，户户垂柳，比那江南风景觉得更为有趣。 When he reached Jinan and entered the city, he found streams flowing by every house and willows standing by every door, which delighted him even more than the scenery of the south. . (刘鹗《老残游记》 杨宪益、戴乃迭译) ;Exercises;1．活到老，学到老。 1. One should keep learning up to an old age. 2．不人虎穴，焉得虎子。 2. you can not gain if you risk nothing. (no venture, no gain) 3．留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 3. One shall have a chance to succeed if one preserves his strength. 4．不努力便不会成功。 4. you shall never succeed if you do not work hard. 5．能不能提前完成计划呢？ Is it possible to carry out the plan ahead of time? ;3.重新确定主语;;3)一九六四年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。 4) 因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会是与外界隔绝的。这种隔绝状态，由于通讯工具不足，就变得更加严重了。 ;1) 由于肌肉和细胞的运动，身体不断地产生热。 Heat is constantly produced by body as a result of muscular and cellular activity. 2) 人们必须结合世界环境来认识和研究人口控制问题。 The problem of population control has to be recognized and approached in the context of the whole world. 3) 一九六四年十月