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IOP PUBLISHING JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONDENSED MATTER
IOP PUBLISHING JOURNAL OF PHYSICS: CONDENSED MATTER J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 19 (2007) 216216 (9pp) doi:10.1088/0953-8984/19/21/216216 Modelling the size effect on the melting temperature of nanoparticles, nanowires and nanofilms A Safaei1, M Attarian Shandiz1, S Sanjabi1,3 and Z H Barber2 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-143, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Cambridge University, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK E-mail: sanjabi@modares.ac.ir Received 18 December 2006, in final form 10 April 2007 Published 1 May 2007 Online at stacks.iop.org/JPhysCM/19/216216 Abstract A model has been developed to account for the dependence of melting temperature on the size of nanosolids (nanoparticles, nanowires and nanofilms). In this model the effect of particle size and shape, lattice and surface packing factor, and the coordination number of the lattice and of the surface crystalline planes are considered. A general equation is proposed, having nonlinear form as a function of the reciprocal of nanosolid size. This model is consistent with reported experimental data for nanoparticles of In and Au, nanowires of Pb and In, and nanofilms of In. 1. Introduction It has been reported that when the size of a solid particle reduces to the nanometre scale, the surface-to-volume ratio is increased and the melting temperature remarkably decreased [1–5]. Thermodynamical properties of nanosolids (nanoparticles, nanowires and nanofilms) are different from those of bulk material, and are dependent on size [6–9]. For design of new materials, it is essential to understand these new thermodynamical properties [10, 11], and several models have been developed to explain the dependence of melting temperature on the size of the nanosolids [12–22]. In most of these models the melting temperature is a linear function of the reciprocal size [12, 15, 17, 20–23]. In this paper we discuss the effect of size on
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