论安全科学的若干基本规律与概念.pdfVIP

第 1 9 楼第 9 期 2 009 年 9 月 中国安全科学学报 Chína Safetv Science Joumal 论安全科学的若干基本规律与概念* 毛海峰教授 (首都经济贸易大学安全与环境科学研究所，北京 1酬26) 学科分类与代码:620.1099 中图分类智:X91 文献棉识码:A Vol. 19 No. 9 . 2009 [摘 要} 对安全问题所涉及客观事物的安全规律性进行了论述。在强调划分受损事物和致 损事物之意义的基础上，给出判断某事物属于安全概念范畴的受损事物所应满足的 4 个安全 特性，以及判断某事物属于安全性概念拖畴的致损事物所应满足的 3 个安全特性。这些安全 特性构成了安全科学的基本规律。对安全科学的重要概念风险和危险进行讨论，澄清了模糊 认识。指出风险概念与受损事物相关，危险概念与致损事物相关，并分别给出二者的定义。两 个概念不仅适用对象和定义不间，而且安全规律不间，计算方法亦不间，给出了二者的理论计 算公式。 [关键词] 安全; 安全性; 安全科学; 风险; 危险 Discuss?on on Some Basic Rules and Concepts of Safety Science MAO Hai-feng ,Prof. ( Institute of Safety Environment Science , Capital University of Economics Busine腑， Beijing 1ω026 ， China) Abstract: Safety problems related 切 safety laws of objective thin伊 are discussed. On the basis of em- phasizing the division of the concepts of damaged things and things leading ωdamage , four safety features to judge if something belongs to damaged 由ings concemed with the concept category of safe唰 ty and three safety features to judge if something belongs to things leading to damage concemed with the concept category of safe-capability are presented , which constitute the basic rules of Safety Science. Through discussing the concepts of risk and danger in Safety Science , their di旺erence is made clear and their definitions are presented. It is pointed 0时 that the concept of risk is associated W?th damaged things and the concept of danger is relevant to things that may lead to damage. The two concepts are different not only in applicable objective and definitions , but also in safety laws and calculation methods. Finally , the theoretical calculation formulae for the two concepts are given. Key words: safety; safe-capability; safety science; risk; danger o 51 富 当前，安全科学的发牒受到了人们的高度赞视， 但其王理论根基仍较为薄弱，尤其是反映安全科学本 质规律的一些核心基本概念还缺乏严谨的界定和科 学的解释，这种状态严草制约了安全科学的建立和 完善。 形成概念或掌握概念是人类认识事物、掌握知 识的重要环节。概念在任何一门科学的发展中，都 起着极其重要的，有时甚至是划时代的作用。任何 华文章编号:1ω3 叩 3033(2酬)09 皿阳12 由05; 收稿日期 :2栅 -06 -20; 修稿日期 :2酬 -08 -31 第 9 期 毛海峰:论安全科学的若干基本规律与概念