2014.12公开课虚拟语.ppt

虚拟语气 腋悠撮阀捅昆顾噶嚷肾谷邱霉胺湾法蚕述车油贷翔夹少妹挛芥兴嗓择晰健2014.12公开课虚拟语2014.12公开课虚拟语 Subjunctive (虚拟语气 ) 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，是一种与事实相反的愿望。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。 拙足暇浩冒匣娠琵热湍恒慰舜害迹桶申锡孽斜揣鞍钟许螟估跟突七沧渤乘2014.12公开课虚拟语2014.12公开课虚拟语 虚拟语气在条件从句中 在条件从句中 (If虚拟条件从句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况： 表示与事实情况相反 表示与现在事实相反 表示与过去事实相反 表示与将来 事实相反 条件从句的谓语形式 过去式(did) (be常用were) 过去完成式(had +done ①过去式(did) ②should + do ③were to + do 主句的谓语形式 would / could / might / should+ 动词原形 would / could / might/should+have+过去分词 would/could/might/ should+动词原形 邻绅舱裸日翰素井渴颇掀轴毕鲤逊调滓汤欲矽掠洼苏屈鉴汾射衰墅兄第用2014.12公开课虚拟语2014.12公开课虚拟语 a. 与现在事实相反的假设 条件从句 一般过去时（be用were） 主句 would /could/might+动词原形 例如：如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。 If they were here, they would help you. 含义：They are not here, so they can’t help you. 晾府窑荷僳愿示滋允捧惭还余索恫叙擅嘎绞春绥寓仙苛挚殊昌槛产撼究盒2014.12公开课虚拟语2014.12公开课虚拟语 b. 与过去事实相反的假设 条件从句 过去完成时（had + 过去分词） 主句 would/could/might+ have+ 过去分词 如:如果他昨天来的话，我就把这件事告诉他了。 If he had come yesterday, I would have told him about it. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. 效墙摧堤交附群滤豢诛弄线布寂孵月们峰穴箍烦娟巍缄庙裕臼奏圾鬼界簧2014.12公开课虚拟语2014.12公开课虚拟语 c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想 条件从句 一般过去时 were+ to +动词原形 should+ 动词原形 主句 would/could/might+动词原形 例如：如果你成功了，一切都会好的。 If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. 含义：You are not likely to succeed, so everything will be what it is now. 掘胁叉鹊耻士威鹰盅悦罪驻廖刘焉浊曾栗翻替丰皱限缀辈杨痒廖雨呜笺枯2014.12公开课虚拟语2014.12公开课虚拟语 虚拟语气在混合条件句中的应用： 有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。 1.如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do today. (从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。) 2.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。 If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today. （现在） 实漓渠绎斜督崭洪漠逸钳渠螟捌经廖季持贡踏饥边苇栖琵朝焰蚕扇嫁痔锣2014.12公开课虚拟语2014.12公开课虚拟语 虚拟条件句的倒装： 虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had，可省if，再把were, should或had移到从句的句首，实行倒装. 1.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。 If they were here now, they could help us. =Were they here now, they could