作文实用句型-句法.doc

　　一、句式变换 　　在了解组织句子的四个特点之后，我们重点看一下句子组织形式的多样化，即在120－150词内，尽量使用不同的句子形式，常用的句型如下： 　　主语从句 　　定语从句 （限定性和非限定性） 　　状语从句 （时间，原因，地点，条件，让步等） 　　分词短语做定语或状语 　　强调句 　　倒装句 　　省略句 　　What句型 　　设问句 1. 主语和主语从句 　　名词、代词、动名词、不定式以及名词性从句都可以作主语。后三种，学生在写作时用起来不是很熟练，但却很有价值，可以在很大程度上提高语言质量。下面我们看几组例句： 　　动名词作主语 　　Listening to some light music will help you calm down. 　　Talking to a person like him is just like talking to a deaf. 　　不定式作主语 　　To see is to believe. 　　To help others is to help yourself in a sense. 　　To see things as they are, to go right to the right point, to disentangle a skein of thought, to detect what is sophistical, and to discard what is irrelevant is after all, what a university training should be aiming at. 　　主语从句 　　主语从句一般由what, who, which, why, how, when, which, whether…or…等引导，这些名词性从句作主语时，我们称之为主语从句。 　　Why he would reject such a good offer remained unknown all these years. 　　Whether we can succeed or not depends upon our efforts. 　　What you have done for us will be in our memory for ever. 　　当句子的实际主语太长时，英语习惯用先行代词it作形式主语，然后再引出真正的主语 　　It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy. 　　And with our current methods, it is hard to estimate the loss in environmental terms as many negative results may take decades to emerge. 　　其他常用先行代词it作形式主语的句型还有： 　　It is self-evident/ conceivable / obvious / apparent that…很明显的是　　It goes without saying that… 不用说　　It is asserted that．．． 有人主张…… 　　It is believed that．．． 据信…… 　　It is generally considered that．．． 人们普遍认为…… 　　It is hoped that．．． 人们希望…… 　　It is reported that．．． 据报道…… 　　It is said that．．． 据说…… 　　It is supposed that．．． 据推测．．． 　　It is well-known that．．． 众所周知…… 　　It must be admitted that．．． 必须承认…… 　　It cannot be denied that… 不可否认…… 　　It must be pointed out that．．． 需指出的是…… 　　It was told that．．． 据传…… 　　It will be said that．．． 有人会说…… 　　It follows that… 由此可见 　　It is inappropriate that… ……是不合适的 It is universally acknowledged that… 　　It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy. 宾语从句 　　宾语从句是置于谓语动词之后的名词性从句。大家来看下面几个例子： 　　1、