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Nucleation kinetics and contact angles of silver clusters electrodeposited on indium tin oxide surfaces.pdf

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Nucleation kinetics and contact angles of silver clusters electrodeposited on indium tin oxide surfaces.pdf

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 765 (2016) 140–148 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry journal homepage: /locate/jelechem Nucleation kinetics and contact angles of silver clusters electrodeposited on indium tin oxide surfaces D. Branco P. a,1, K. Saavedra a,2, M. Palomar-Pardavé b, C. Borrás a, J. Mostany a,?, B.R. Scharifker a,c,?? a Departamento de Química, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Apartado 89000, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela b Departamento de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, A.P. 16-306, C.P. 02000 México, D.F., Mexico c Universidad Metropolitana, Apartado 76819, Caracas 1070A, Venezuela article info Article history: Received 15 May 2015 Received in revised form 18 September 2015 Accepted 12 October 2015 Available online 23 October 2015 Keywords: Electrocrystallization Nucleation Kinetics Contact angle Optically transparent electrode abstract The nucleation rate and the number density of nucleation sites, as well as the contact angle of silver clusters growing under diffusion control, have been determined with single-step potentiostatic experiments, from the electrical current and optical transmittance during electrocrystallization of silver on optically transparent indium tin oxide electrodes. It was found that silver grows at overpotentials as crystallites with an aspect corresponding to an effective contact angle with the indium tin oxide surface of ca. 13°. Comparison with results obtained from ex situ atomic force microscopy analysis suggests that electrodeposited nuclei undergo conformational relaxation at open circuit, leading to signi?cantly higher equilibrium contact angles. The results obtained indicate that while the contact angles measured during growth at overpotentials have no bearing on the values of nucleation rates determined from the electrical and optical responses to potential steps, they lead to lower number densities of sites, in relation to values corresponding to