Hypothesis-testing combined with image analysis to quantify evolution of bubble swarms in a direct-contact boiling heat transfer process.pdfVIP

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Hypothesis-testing combined with image analysis to quantify evolution of bubble swarms in a direct-contact boiling heat transfer process.pdf

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Hypothesis-testing combined with image analysis to quantify evolution of bubble swarms in a direct-contact boiling heat transfer process.pdf

Applied Thermal Engineering 113 (2017) 851–857 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Thermal Engineering journal homepage: /locate/apthermeng Research Paper Hypothesis-testing combined with image analysis to quantify evolution of bubble swarms in a direct-contact boiling heat transfer process Qing-tai Xiao a,b,1, Jian-xin Pan c,1, Jian-xin Xu a,d,?, Hua Wang a,b, Zhi-han Lv e a State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China b Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China c School of Mathematics, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK d Institute of Quality Development, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China e Department of Computer Science, University College London, London WC1E 6EA, UK highlights Image analysis was combined with hypothesis-testing for bubble images comparison. Hypothesis-testing tools are effective in testing every two bubble images. Testing statistics can be used to quantify evaluation of bubble swarms. article info Article history: Received 9 June 2016 Revised 15 September 2016 Accepted 1 November 2016 Available online 2 November 2016 Keywords: Direct-contact heat transfer Bubble swarm patterns Image comparison Hypothesis-testing abstract The technology of image enhancement has been proved to be very effective and powerful in the quanti?cation of bubbling regime, heat transfer performance and mixing ef?ciency in a direct contact boiling heat transfer process. In the present work, this image analysis technique was combined with some statistical hypothesis-testing tools including Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and chi-square test in order to compute the p-values for bubble images comparison. It was indicated that the employed hypothesistesting tools are effective in testing whether the every two bubble images gray distribu