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Identification of butterfly based on their shapes when viewed from different angles using an artificial neural network.pdf

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Identification of butterfly based on their shapes when viewed from different angles using an artificial neural network.pdf

Journal of Asia-Paci?c Entomology 17 (2014) 143–149 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asia-Paci?c Entomology journal homepage: /locate/jape Identi?cation of butter?y based on their shapes when viewed from different angles using an arti?cial neural network Seung-Ho Kang a, Jung-Hee Cho b, Sang-Hee Lee b,? a Department of Information Security, Dongshin University, Republic of Korea b Division of Mathematical Model, National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Republic of Korea article info Article history: Received 2 May 2013 Revised 4 December 2013 Accepted 12 December 2013 Keywords: Automatic species identi?cation Butter?y Branch length similarity entropy Arti?cial neural network abstract Identi?cation of butter?y species is essential because they are directly associated with crop plants used for human and animal consumption. However, the widely used reliable methods for butter?y identi?cation are not ef?cient due to complicated butter?y shapes. We previously developed a novel shape recognition method that uses branch length similarity (BLS) entropy, which is a simple branching network consisting of a single node and branches. The method has been successfully applied to recognize battle tanks and characterize human faces with different emotions. In the present study, we used the BLS entropy pro?le (an assemble of BLS entropies) as an input feature in a feed-forward back-propagation arti?cial neural network to identify butter?y species according to their shapes when viewed from different angles (for vertically adjustable angle, θ = ± 10°, ± 20°, …, ± 60° and for horizontally adjustable angle, φ = ± 10°, ± 20°, …, ± 60°). In the ?eld, butter?y images are generally captured obliquely by camera due to butter?y alignment and viewer positioning, which generates various shapes for a given specimen. To generate different shapes of a butter?y when viewed from different angles, we projected the shapes captured from top-view to a plane rotated through angle