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Gigacycle rolling contact fatigue of bearing steels A review.pdf
International Journal of Fatigue 93 (2016) 238–249
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
International Journal of Fatigue
journal homepage: /locate/ijfatigue
Review
Gigacycle rolling contact fatigue of bearing steels: A review
Nagaraj K. Arakere
Mechanical Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
article info
Article history: Received 9 May 2016 Received in revised form 29 June 2016 Accepted 30 June 2016 Available online 7 July 2016
Keywords: Rolling contact fatigue Gigacycle fatigue Life prediction Bearing steels Microstructure sensitivity Carbide microstructure Cyclic loading Micro-plasticity
abstract
Modern bearing steels are critically important ultra-high strength structural materials used in a multitude of industrial systems, and subject to the highest loading conditions for billions of cycles. They are unique among structural materials because of the localized nature of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) loading, leading to extreme sensitivity of fatigue life to microstructural attributes. The complex phenomena displayed by RCF from nanometer to millimeter length scales make reliable bearing life prediction in the gigacycle regime dif?cult. A comprehensive review is provided for cyclic fatigue loading experienced by the subsurface volume of RCF-affected material. Microstructural evolution in the subsurface region is presented. Traditional empirical probabilistic approaches to subsurface-initiated bearing life prediction, and their limitations are discussed. Reasons why modern ultra-clean bearing steels can exhibit life in the gigacycle regime are outlined, including the important effects of compressive mean stress. Quantifying material property changes in the subsurface and computation of evolving stress ?elds are discussed. Re?nements to material-speci?c bearing life prediction in the gigacycle regime using microstructuresensitive elasto-plastic stress ?elds are discussed.
ó 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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