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Direct contact heating for hot forming die quenching.pdf

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Direct contact heating for hot forming die quenching.pdf

Applied Thermal Engineering 98 (2016) 1165–1173 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Thermal Engineering journal homepage: /locate/apthermeng Research Paper Direct contact heating for hot forming die quenching J.N. Rasera a, K.J. Daun a,*, C.J. Shi a, M. D’Souza b a Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1 b FP Manufacturing Inc., 1 Nolan Road, Tottenham, ON, Canada L0G 1W0 HIGHLIGHTS ? The HFDQ heating phase austenitizes the steel and forms a protective Al–Si–Fe layer. ? Direct contact heating is faster and requires less space than roller hearth furnaces. ? Nickel steel monolith is electrically-?red using SiC elements. ? Metallurgical analysis con?rms austenitization/Al–Si–Fe laminate layers. ? Wetting of striking surface can be mitigated using a ceramic coating. ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received 28 May 2015 Accepted 31 December 2015 Available online 12 January 2016 Keywords: Hot stamping Contact heating Rapid austenitization ABSTRACT Most hot forming die quenching (HFDQ) lines use roller hearth furnaces to austenitize ultra high strength steel blanks. This paper describes an alternative heating technology in which Usibor? 1500P blanks are austenitized by bringing them into contact with an electrically-heated monolith. In a laboratory-scale prototype, Usibor? 1500P coupons austenitize in less than 30 s; subsequent material characterization con?rms that a fully martensitic structure is formed, and that the hardness and yield strength are comparable to furnace-treated samples. Like many steels used in HFDQ, Usibor? 1500P has a protective coating to prevent oxidation and decarburization of the coupons within the furnace. Preliminary tests found that the coating adheres to the monolith, which impedes coupon transfer. Five interchangeable striking surfaces were assessed to see if they were less prone to adhering to the molten Al–Si coating. ? 2015 Elsevier Lt