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3D characterization of sand particle-to-particle contact and morphology.pdf

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3D characterization of sand particle-to-particle contact and morphology.pdf

Computers and Geotechnics 74 (2016) 26–35 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Computers and Geotechnics journal homepage: /locate/compgeo Research Paper 3D characterization of sand particle-to-particle contact and morphology Andrew M. Druckrey a, Khalid A. Alshibli a,?, Riyadh I. Al-Raoush b a Dept. of Civil Env. Engineering, 325 John Tickle Building, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA b Dept. of Civil Arch. Engineering, Qatar University, Qatar article info Article history: Received 3 April 2015 Received in revised form 5 October 2015 Accepted 24 December 2015 Available online 8 January 2016 Keywords: Normal to contact Fabric Synchrotron computed tomography Granular materials abstract Particle morphology, orientation, and contact con?guration play a signi?cant role in the engineering properties of granular materials. Accurate three-dimensional (3D) characterization of these parameters for experiments has historically proven dif?cult, especially in the context of particle contact with small particle size. This paper describes a computer code that was developed to analyze 3D images of granular materials to measure particle lengths (size), volume, surface area, global centroid location and orientation; it also provides a method to calculate particle contact location and orientation. Measurements from the proposed code can de?ne a state of the granular material’s fabric that can be used as input for micromechanics based constitutive models and to validate numerical discrete element simulations. A fabric tensor and its evolution is calculated based on experimental contact normal vectors that were extracted from SMT imaging of an axisymmetric triaxial compression experiment on a natural silica sand known as F-35 sand. ó 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Granular materials are composed of discrete particles that interact with each other in a complex fashion. Particle gradation, mineralogy, morphology, and contacts are the major