词汇学第九讲.pptVIP

Chapter 9 Sense Relations 9.1 Sense Relations 9.2 Hyponymy 9.3 Synonymy 9.4 Antonymy 9.5 Homonymy 9. Sense Relations What are sense relations(语义关系)? Words are arbitrary symbols and are independent identities so far as their outer facetspelling and pronunciation, is concerned. But semantically, all words are related in one way or another, hence sense relations. In light of sense relations, words can be classified semantically. 9.1 Sense Relations Types of sense relations --Polysemy（一词多义）--Hyponymy(上下义关系)semantic inclusion Synonymy(同义关系)semantic similarity Antonymy(反义关系)semantic opposition Homonymy(同形或同音异义关系) 9.1 Polysemy Polysemy is a common feature to all natural languages, a causal glance of any pages of any dictionary will justify the fact. When a word is first coined, it is always monosemic, but in the course of development, the same symbol may be employed to express new meanings as it is impossible to have one symbol in a language to denote one thing in a world. Two approaches to polysemy 1) Diachronic approach(历时角度) Polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of the semantic structure of one and same word, word has the primary meaning when firstly created and then with the time and development of language, more meanings will attribute to it, thus has the derived meanings. Synchronic approach(共时角度）Synchronically, polysemy is viewed as the coexistence of various meaning of the same word in a historical period of time, the basic meaning of a word is considered to be the core of word meaning, called as central meaning. The derived meaning, no matter how numerous, are secondary. Two processes of development1)Radiation(辐射) The primary meaning stands at the centre and the secondary meanings proceed out like rays. All the meanings are independent but call all be traced back to the central meaning.Question: can you analyze the radiation of the words in “head”, “collar”, “ neck” and “bridge”? 2)Concatenation（连锁） concatenation meaning “linking