5-302013《关于深化收入分配制度改革的若干意见》.pptVIP

5-* Lecture 6 Inequality and Development 重点难点 1、不平等的衡量方法 2、库茨涅茨曲线 3、中国收入分配政策 6.1 Measuring Inequality Measuring Inequality Size distributions (quintiles, deciles) Lorenz curves Gini coefficients and aggregate measures of inequality Functional distributions Table 5.1 Typical Size Distribution of Personal Income in a Developing Country by Income Shares—Quintiles and Deciles Figure 5.1 The Lorenz Curve Figure 5.2 The Greater the Curvature of the Lorenz Line, the Greater the Relative Degree of Inequality Figure 5.3 Estimating the Gini Coefficient Figure 5.4 Four Possible Lorenz Curves Figure 5.5 Functional Income Distribution in a Market Economy: An Illustration four desirable properties the anonymity principles: measure of inequality should not depend on who has the higher income scale independence principles: measure of inequality should not depend on the size of the economy or the way we measure its income four desirable properties population independence principles: measure of inequality should not be based on the number of income recipients transfer principles: holding all other incomes constant, if we transfer some income from a richer person to a poorer, the resulting new income distribution is more equal. coefficient of variation (CV) satisfies the four criteria. 6.2 Inequality, and Social Welfare What’s So Bad about Extreme Inequality? First, extreme income inequality leads to economic inefficiency. cannot borrow money； overall rate of saving in the economy tends to be lower，capital flight； high inequality leads to an overemphasis on higher education at the expense of quality universal primary education。 What’s So Bad about Extreme Inequality? The second reason ：undermine social stability and solidarity. strengthens the political power of the rich； facilitates rent seeking, including actions such as excessive lobbying（游说）, large political donations（政治捐赠）, bribery（行贿）, and cronyism（徇私舞弊） Finally, extreme inequality is generally viewe