2.会计英语第二章Business Transactions Analysis.ppt

The Second Chapter Recording Business Transactions The Learning Objective: Ⅰ. The Account, the Journal, and the Ledger Ⅱ. Double-Entry Accounting Ⅲ. Flow of Accounting Information Ⅳ. Analyzing and Processing Transactions Ⅰ. The Account, the Journal, and the Ledger (Ⅰ) Account – the detailed record of the changes in a particular asset, liability, or owner’s equity. The basic summary device of accounting is the account. (账户或会计科目) Journal – the chronological(按时间顺序排列的) record of transactions. (日记账) Ledger – the record holding all the accounts. (分类账) Trial Balance – the list of all the accounts with their balances. (试算平衡表) (Ⅱ) Accounting Equation Assets=Liabilities + Owner’s Equity 1. Assets are economic resources that will benefit the business in the future. Cash: The Cash account is a record of the cash effects of transactions. Cash includes money, such as a bank account balance and checks. (Cash at Bank) Notes Receivable: A business may sell goods or services and receive a promissory note. A note receivable is a written promise that the customer will pay a fixed amount of money by a certain date. Accounts Receivable: A business may sell goods or services in exchange for an oral or implied promise of future cash re- ceipt. Such credit sales(赊销) are made on credit (“on accou nt”). Prepaid Expenses: A business often pays certain expenses, such as rent and insurance, in advance. A prepaid expense is an asset because the prepayment provides a future benefit for the business. Prepaid Expenses include Prepaid Rent, Prepaid Insurance, Office Supplies(办公室耗用品). Land, Building, Equipment, Furniture, and Fixture are the Fixed Assets. (Plant Assets) There is a closing relationship between fixed assets and deprec- iation. 2. A liability is an economic obligation (a debt) payable to an individual or an organization outside the business. Notes Payable: The Notes Payable account is the opposite of Notes Receivable. Notes Payable represe