英语论文写作.pptVIP

第四节：论文的主要部分:引言（Introduction） 引言,前言、导论、导言、序言、绪论、概论…..,整篇论文的引论部分 总的要求: The purpose of an introduction is to bring the reader into the general area of your study and then state the specific area of study (move from the general to the specific). The introduction shows the scope of your investigation efforts. 主要内容： Background (背景): statement of general area or history of problem, including previous findings, reports or studies. What we don’t know， What do we know about the subjects?. Who else has done what? How? What have we done previously? Only relevant information should be provided; don’t write a review 引言Introduction Objective(目的): statement of purpose of current study The justification for the objective (意义): statement of importance or need. Rationale and Significance. Why you want to do it? Don’t repeat abstract. Make an appeal to general readers Guidance to the reader(研究问题的具体范围): what should the reader watch for in the paper? what are the interesting high points? what strategy did we use? Statement of specific area of problem to be studied. Approaches how you are going to do it. Summary /conclusion( 结果)：ｗhat should the reader expect as conclusion? In advanced version of the outline. 引言的基本要求 1)准确、清楚且简洁地指出所探讨问题的本质和范围，对研究背景的阐述做到 繁简适度。文字不可冗长，内容选择不必过于分散、琐碎，措词要精炼，要吸引读者 读下去。不要与摘要雷同. 篇幅大小，并无硬性的统一规定，长的可达700~800字或1000字左右，短的可不到100字。 (2) 在背景介绍和问题的提出中，应引用“最相关”的文献以指引读者。重要的参考 文献应在引言中有所描述，不贬低已有成果、不夸大自己的成果，注意审稿者、读者 及其他同行的认同感。 (3) 采取适当的方式强调作者在本次研究中最重要的发现或贡献，让读者顺着逻辑的 演进阅读论文。 (4) 解释或定义专门术语或缩写词，以帮助编辑、审稿人和读者阅读稿件。 (5) 适当地使用“I”，“We”或“Our”，以明确地指示作者本人的工作，叙述前人 工作的欠缺以强调自己研究的创新时，应慎重且留有余地。 论文中的英语问题 英语不是问题 认真，避免拼写和语法错误 认真看几篇类似的好论文 但不能照抄别人的表述 引言写作难点： 1．如何指出当前研究的不足以及有目的地引导出自己的研究的重要性 叙述了前人成果+However : However, little information（ attention..，work...，data，research） or few studies (investigations...,researchers...,attempts...) or no/none of these studies has (have) been done on( focused on, attempted to, conducted, investigated, studied ) (with respect to) or Pre