ESD基础讲义.ppt

 1.静电的概念与产生的物理过程什么是静电?静电是如何产生的? 什么是静电? (What′s Static Electricity?) 静电是固定的(不移动)电荷 (Static Electricity is a stationary electrical charge) 材料表面不平衡的电 (Static Electricity is caused of electrons on the surface of a material) 材料损失或者获得电子导致电子不平衡 (The electron imbalance occurs when materials either lose or acquire electrons. JinYa解释: 是物体表面过剩或不足的静止电荷,一种电能形式,它留存于物体 表面,是正电荷和负电荷在局部范围内失去平衡的结果,是通过电子 或离子的转移而形成的。 静电学基础知识 (Static Electricity Knowledge) 原子(the Atom) 物质由原子构成. 原子又由包含质子和中子的原子核构成, 环绕原子核的是电子.通常原子保持电中性.(All matter consists of a collection of atoms.The atom is comprised of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons. Orbiting the nucleus are electrons. The atom is normally electrically neutral.) 静电学基础知识 (Static Electricity Knowledge) 正电荷，负电荷(Positive, Negative Charge) 带电体 (Charged matter/body) 电量 (Charge Capacity) -物体所带电量的多少 电荷守恒定律 (Law of Charge Conservation) - 在任何物理过程中电荷的代数和是守恒的。 静电学基础知识 (Static Electricity Knowledge) 带电体 (Charged matter/body) 导体(conductor)、绝缘体(Isolator)、半导体（消散体Dissipative） 静电产生方式(Charging Methods): 摩擦起电(Triboelectrification) 离子溅射(单一极性)(Ion Bombardment(single polarity) ) 接触充电(Contact Charging) 感应或极化(Induction or Polarization) 其他-剥离，破裂，电解，压电， 热电，... (Others-peel off，cracking，electrolyse，piezoelectricity，thermoelectricity，...) 摩擦起电 (Triboelectrification) 当液体,固体和气体颗粒接触又分离. 起电量受下列影响: (Charge generated by the contact and separation of liquids, solids and particulate carring gases. The magnitude of the charge is influenced by:) 接触紧密度(Intimacy of contact) 分离速度(Speed of separation) 摩擦运动(Rubbing motion) 摩擦起电 (Triboelectrification) 摩擦起电 (Triboelectrification) 摩擦起电 (Triboelectrification) 离 子 溅 射 (Ion Bombardment) 接触充电(Contact Charging) 带电物体通过接触将电荷传导给未带电物体(Charge will b e transferred to a previously uncharged object by contact with an object holding a charge) 带电绝缘体仅能从较小面积释放电荷(A charged insulator will only release charge from a small area.) 带电导体能释放大量电荷给另一导体(