chapter 7 passive voice ppt1讲义.pptVIP

* Attention Please ! 1、be + 过去分词与 be + 表语的区别 动词be+过去分词这个结构并不一定都是被动结构，有时它可能是be+表语，如： The rostrum was decorated with banners and flowers. 主席台上装饰了彩旗和鲜花。 The streets are lined with trees. 街旁都种了树。 The department stores are crowded with people, especially on Sundays. 百货公司都挤满了人，特别是在星期天。 The door was locked when I got back. 我回家的时候门锁上了。 * 　　 这两种结构的主要差别是：被动结构表示一个动作，带表语的结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态。试比较： 　　The book is well written.书写得很好。 　　The book was written by a woman.这本书是一位女性写的。 　　The house is surrounded by trees.房子周围都是树。 　　The enemy was soon surrounded by us.敌人很快就被我们包围了。 　　这一区分可以帮助决定用什么时态，如果是被动结构，它的时态一般要与相应的动作时间概念一致，如果是带表语的结构，用一般时态时比较多。如“玻璃杯破了”表示的是状态，可译为“The glass is broken”，这时用的是一般现在时。如果说“杯子是妹妹打破的”，表示的是一个动作，就不能用一般现在时，而应译为“The glass was broken by sister”。 * 2、某些特殊的转化方式　 当believe, consider, feel, know, say, suppose, think, understand等动词后面带有that引导的名词分句时，主动变为被动可有两种形式：一种是“It+ be的一定形式+ - ed分词”结构，一种是将名词分句中的主语用作句子的主语，再加上be的一定形式和- ed分词。 　　 People say that tortoises live longer than elephants. 　→ It is said that tortoises live longer than elephants. 　→ Tortoises are said to live longer than elephants. 　　They believe these principles are universally true. 　→ It is believed that these principles are universally true. 　→ These principles are believed to be universally true. * 3、不用被动语态的动词 一些动词或动词短语，如occur, last, cost, take place, come about, belong to, come into being等一般不用被动语态。例如： 　　The conference lasted for two weeks. 　　Great changes have taken place in the21st century. 　　This shirt costs $300. 　　A war broke out after he was expelled from his motherland. 4、汉语被动语态的英译 (1) 汉语中，使用被动语态结构的句子很多，不少带有“被”、“受”、“由”等词的句子可译成英语的被动句。例如： 她被派到边远地区工作。She was sent to a remote遥远的 area to work. 他受到了批评。He was criticized. 这项决定将由经理做出。This decision will be made by the manager. * (2)但是在另外一些汉语被动结构中，却没有这类标记。这时需要从主谓关系上来对其做出正确判断。例如： 山坡上种了很多树。Many trees have been planted on the hillside. 这个问题要认真对待。This problem must be dealt with seriously. 运动会定于星