移植免疫学-免疫学信息网.pptVIP

移 植 免 疫 学 History EARLY EXPERIMENTS 1902 - The first sucessful experimental kidney transplants were performed at the Vienna Medical School in Austria with animals. 1909 - The first kidney transplant experiments were performed in humans in France using animal kidneys. A surgeon inserted slices of rabit kidney into a child suffering from kidney failure.?Although 搕he immediate results were excellent?the child died about 2 weeks later. While such transplants did sucessfully produce urine, they lasted only for about an hour before ceasing to function. Scientists of the time believed kidney transplants were possible, but their success was limited by unknown 揵iochemical barriers,?which prevented long-term kidney survival 1933 - The first human-to-human kidney transplant was performed Unknown to doctors at the time, there were mismatches in donor and recipient blood groups and the donor kidney never functioned 1940抯 - Sir Peter Medawar at the University of London experimented with the immunologic basis of organ rejection. Early 1950抯 - Cortisone-like medications were used to suppress the human body抯 self-defense system (immune system), resulting in some kidney transplant success. 1954 - Joeseph E. Murray and his colleagues at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston performed the first truly successful kidney transplant from one twin to another.?This was done without any immunosuppressive medication.?A photograph of this procedure is seen above. Scientists predicted that immune system reactions should be minimal between identical twins (because their organs were indistinguishable to each other抯 immune systems). More kidney transplants between identical twins were successfully performed, and some of those kidney recipients are still alive today 移植：在医学上应用自体或异体的正常细胞、组织或器官置换病变的或功能缺损的细胞、组织或器官，以维持和重建机体的生理功能，这种治疗方法称为移植。 移植排斥反应：移植手术后，移植物或受者体内的免疫细胞受刺激后而发生免疫应答反应。 移植的分类 自体移植：指移植物取自受者自体 同系移植：指遗传基因型完全相同或基本近似的个体间的移植 同种移植：是指同种内遗传基因不同的个体间的移植 异种移植：是指不同种属个体间的移植 第一节