初中英语小作文常见问题分析及对策.docVIP

初中英语小作文常见错误分析及对策 上海市虎林中学 程红照 众所周知“写”是英语四种技能中的重要环节，写作能体现学生综合运用英语的能力。中小学英语新课程标准要求：初中生能够书写日常生活中常见问题的作文，进行简单的描述和表达个人喜好，拼写和标点正确。初中学业考试也要求：根据题目要求写不少于60个词的短文，意思连贯，语言基本正确。可见初中阶段对小作文的要求在逐步提高。2009年上海市初中学生学业考试小作文的分值增加到18分，突出了对学生实际运用语言能力的综合考察。但是在日常学习中，小作文是让许多学生感到棘手的问题，在各级各类考试中，学生在小作文方面的失分还占相当的比例。笔者认为除了常见的单词拼写错误，主要错误类型分为以下几种： 一、主要错误类型 （一）汉语式的英语： 初中生写小作文实际上有一个从中文思考到英文翻译的一个过程。但是很多学生只是把小作文视为简单的汉译英，而对英语的表达习惯和东西方的文化差异知之甚少。如： 〔误〕Teacher Wu is our English teacher. 〔正〕Mr. Wu（ Mrs. Wu/Miss. Wu/Ms. Wu ）is our English teacher. 〔误〕I very like my school. 〔正〕I like my school very much. 〔误〕My parents let me grow up. 〔正〕My parents bring me up. （二）固定搭配的错误： 此类错误分为三类： 1．固定短语搭配的错误。 〔误〕Tom went to Beijing by a plane. 〔正〕Tom went to Beijing by plane. （介词类搭配) 〔误〕I made friend with many foreign students. 〔正〕I made friends with many foreign students. (固定的动词短语) 2．英语词法的错误，主要体现在对单词词性的理解以及某个单词在句中正确位置的摆放上。如： 〔误〕Jane wants to be a honest girl. 〔正〕Jane wants to be an honest girl. (冠词的用法) 〔误〕My mother is a kindly woman. 〔正〕My mother is a kind woman. (形容词的用法) 〔误〕We get tired of do our homework. 〔正〕We get tired of doing our homework. (介词后的动词应该是动名词的形式) 〔误〕Tom is enough tall to reach the books on the shelf. 〔正〕Tom is tall enough to reach the books on the shelf.(这是对enough的正确位置不了解。enough放在所修饰的名词前面，如：I bought enough food in the supermarket.而放在所修饰的形容词和副词的后面。) 3．英语句法的错误，主要体现在对英语句子结构的理解以及主谓呼应和时态的一致性上。如： 〔误〕There are many students are playing in the playground. 〔正〕Many students are playing in the playground. ( there are 应该删掉，此类错误是学生对英语简单句的构成不了解。) 〔误〕Neither Tim nor Mary like playing computer games. 〔正〕Neither Tim nor Mary likes playing computer games. (like改为 likes，因为neither…nor连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与临近的一个主语保持一致。) 〔误〕She told me what I can do. 〔正〕She told me what I could do. (can改为 could，如果宾语从句主句是过去时从句为过去的某一个时态。) 〔误〕I enjoyed this film. Because it’s very exciting. 〔正〕I enjoyed this film because it’s very exciting. (Because 应该改为小写，句号删掉。) 4．指代不明。 〔误〕Our English teacher should let us listen to some Eng