86（张丽锦）数感不良儿童的早期筛查与动态干预..docVIP

数感不良儿童的早期筛查与动态干预 张丽锦 刘敏红 宁夏大学教育学院心理系 摘要 数感不良多出现于低社会经济地位家庭中的儿童。数感是数学学习困难的强预测变量（Locuniak Jordan, 2008; Seethaler Fuchs, 2010），如果不给予早期干预，数感不良儿童则有可能发展为数学学习困难，通过对儿童数感进行早期评估，可以及早筛查数感不良儿童并施以及时干预，另外，计算流畅性不足是数学学习困难儿童的本质特点(Bryant, 2005; Locuniak Jordan, 2008)，因而可作为对有数学学习困难初期表现的儿童进行及早鉴别的标准。 在借鉴Jordan等人（Jordan, Kaplan, Olah, Locuniak, 2006）的数感五成分理论模型的基础上，本研究首先试图构建适合我国幼儿园和小学低年级儿童的数感水平测查工具，并编制了旨在提高儿童数感和计算流畅性的干预项目。结果表明 所编制的涉及数感多种成分的“儿童数感发展测验”信、效度良好，可以有效评估小学低年级儿童的数感发展，且能区分出不同数感发展水平的儿童。通过对数感不良儿童进行指向于数量转换和数估计两种数感关键成分的动态干预，数感不良儿童的数感水平有所提高，并且计算流畅性水平也得到了提高。 关键词：数感 筛查工具 动态测验 Abstract The children who belong to low SES are easy to develop number sense disadvantage. Number sense is a strong predictor of mathematics learning difficulties (Locuniak Jordan, 2008; Seethaler Fuchs, 2010). Children whose number sense is at risk may have low possibility of becoming mathematical learning difficulties based on early assessment on children’s number sense, screening and early intervention. Besides, deficient calculation fluency is the essence of children with mathematical learning difficulty (Bryant, 2005; Locuniak Jordan, 2008). Thus, it could be used as a criterion of mathematics learning difficulties. the purpose of this present study is to develop a screening instrument Children’s Number Sense Development Tests for Chinese kindergarteners and primary graders, on the basis of five key elements of number sense declared in previous stud In a word, the reliability and validity of Children’s Number Sense Development Test is prefect, and it can be used as an effective instrument to evaluate children’s number sense in kindergarten and lower grades in primary school. Children can then be distinguished as having different number sense development level. Through dynamic intervention on children with number disadvantage, they could improve their number sense and calculation fluency. Key words number sense; screening instrument; dynamic assessment 1 引言 自从Dantzig(1954)首次提出数感（number sense）概念以来，人们