土木工程实践教学环节的安全保障机制.docVIP

土木工程实践教学环节的安全保障机制 赵挺生 唐菁菁 仲景冰 杜春艳 （华中科技大学土木工程与力学学院，武汉430074） 摘 要 工程建设行业是高风险性行业，伴随着近年来工程规模不断向巨型化、复杂化方向发展，安全事故的后果也愈加严重，重大事故、特别重大事故时有发生。与此同时，土木工程实践教学中学生到工程一线面临的安全风险也呈上升趋势，并由此影响高等教育实践环节的正常进行。为控制土木工程实践教学环节的安全风险，本文基于意外伤害保险理论和现代安全理论，分析了土木工程实践教学环节意外伤害保险和安全保障机制，设计了实践环节的意外伤害保险的费率、保险期限、保险金额，建议了实践环节意外伤害预防机制，即安全检查控制与多层次、多角度的安全教育相结合的安全预防体系。经六届土木工程专业1000余学生的应用，表明本文提出的实践环节安全保障机制具有可行性。 关键词 高等教育 教学实践 意外伤害 保险 安全教育 中图分类号：TU714 文献标识码： A 文章编号： The safeguard for teaching practice in higher education of civil engineering Zhao Tingsheng，，(1.School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan 430074,China）Abstract: Construction industry is a high-risk industry. With the increasing of the project’s body and complication appearance, the consequence of safety accident is becoming more serious than before, major accidents and extraordinarily serious accidents have being occurred from time to time in recent years. Meanwhile, the safety risk faced by students in the period of practical teaching of civil engineering discipline is increasing too, and affecting the implementation of practical teaching of higher education. In order to control the safety risk of practical teaching in civil engineering, based on the theory of accident insurance and modern safety, accident insurance in practical teaching and guarantee mechanism of safety are studied, the rate, period and amount of accident insurance are designed, a safety prevention system consisting of comprehensive safety inspection and mutil-level safety education, is proposed. The results of its application to more then thousand students of six grades major in civil engineering, shows that it is feasible. Key words: Higher education; Teaching practice; Accidental injuries Insurance; Safety education  1 引 言 工程建设过程是仅次于道路交通和矿山的第三大高风险性行业[1-3]，每年因工程建设施工事故造成2500余人死亡，其中，建筑与市政工程施工事故造成1000余人死亡，如图1所示。  图1 2000年以来我国建筑与市政工程施工死亡人数 Fig.1 Construction accident killed peoples of building and municipal engineering