ch15语篇对比.pptVIP

Cohesion and coherence Cohesion 词汇衔接lexical cohesion，照应reference, 省略ellipsis, 替代substitution -- Halliday（1985） 1. lexical cohesion 1) synonymy 同义词synonym, 近义词near synonym, 上下义hyponym, 概括词general word 利用同义衔接确定译文选词。 例 Four months before election day, five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush headquarters and reviewed an oversized calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten ‘clock in the morning, the rest of the office was practically deserted. Even so the men kept the door shut and the drapes carefully drawn. 离大选还有四个月，里根－布什总部的一间小会议室里聚集了五个人，他们审视着一份标有1984年总统选举活动所剩日期的巨型日历。那是六月份最后一个星期六，早晨十点钟，办公室里实际已经没有其他人。尽管如此，这几个人还是把门关好，还小心翼翼地拉上窗帘。 office与headquarters之间为上下义衔接，实际上office指的就是headquarters，因为同一间办公室里并没有其他人在场，关门、拉窗帘防的是谁呢？应当是办公室外面的人。因此改译“总部里其实已经没有其他人。” 2) collocation Collocation operates between words that have certain semantic relations with other words in the text. The text determines what belongs together. Before college, the only people I had ever known who were interested in art or music or literature, the only ones who read books, the only ones who ever seemed to enjoy a sense of ease and grace were the mothers and daughters. Like the menfolk, they fretted about money, they scrimped and made-do. But, when the pay stopped coming in, they were not the ones who had failed. Nor did they have to go to war,, and that seemed to me a blessed fact. By comparison with the narrow, ironclad days of fathers, there was an expansiveness, I thought, in the days of mothers. They went to see neighbors, to shop in town to run errands at school, at the library, at church. (Scott Russell Sanders: Men and Women) 上大学之前，我所认识的对艺术、音乐或文学感兴趣的人，爱读书的人，看上去安闲自得、优雅自在的人，统统都是做母亲和做女儿的。像男人一样，女人也为钱发愁，也省吃俭用，凑合度日。但是如果家里断了收入，问题并非在他们身上。她们也用不着去打仗，这在我看来是一桩幸事。跟做父亲的那种圈子狭窄、刻板不变的生活相比，我觉得做母亲的日子过得比较宽松自在 。她们上邻居家串门，去城里买东西，到学校、图书馆教堂跑跑腿儿。 analysis 此处主要阐述作者对男人、女人区别的看法：男人身负重担，吃苦受累；女人则悠闲自在，自得其乐。narrow, ironc