第4章080928课件.pptVIP

第四章含杂原子官能团化合物 Compounds Containing Heteroatoms Functional Group 第四章重点讲授内容 一、命名 二、结构特征和物理性质 三、有机化合物的酸碱问题 四、含硫、含磷化合物简介 五、含氧、含氮杂环化合物简介 六、金属有机化合物简介 一、含杂原子官能团化合物的命名 1. Alkyl Halides In the IUPAC system, alkyl halides are named as substituted alkanes, alkenes or alkynes. The substituent prefix names for the halogens replaces the “ine”ending in the name of the element with “o” —— fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo 一、含杂原子官能团化合物的命名 A. 2-bromo-5-methylheptane B. 1-chloro-6,6-dimethyl-3-heptene 一、含杂原子官能团化合物的命名 C. 1,6-dichloro(-1-)cyclohexene D. 6-bromo-3-chloro-4-methyl (-1-) cyclohexene E. (Z)-2-bromo-4-ethyl-7-methyl-4-octene 一、含杂原子官能团化合物的命名 2. Ethers The IUPAC system names an ether as an alkane, alkene or alkyne that has an RO subsituent. The RO substituents are named by replacing the “yl” ending in the name of the alkyl subtituent with “oxy” 一、含杂原子官能团化合物的命名 A. 1-ethoxy-3-methyl-2-pentene B. 1,4-diisopropoxybutane 一、含杂原子官能团化合物的命名 3. The following rules are used when naming a compound that has a functional group suffix Alcohols（醇）, aldehydes（醛）, ketones（酮）, carboxylic acid （羧酸）and their derivatives（羧酸衍生物）, amines（胺） 一、含杂原子官能团化合物的命名 1) The parent hydrocarbon is the longest continuous chain containing the functional group, and is numbered in the direction that given the functional group suffix the lowest possible number. 一、含杂原子官能团化合物的命名 A. 2-ethyl-1-pentanol or 2-ethylpentan-1-ol B. 2-propoxy-1-ethanol or 2-propoxyethan-1-ol 一、含杂原子官能团化合物的命名 2) If there is a functional group suffix and a substituent, the functional group suffix gets the lowest number. 4-methyl-1-pentanol 一、含杂原子官能团化合物的命名 3) If the same number for the functional group suffix is obtained in both directions, the chain is numbered in the direction that gives a substituent the lowest possible number. 2-methyl-3-pentanol not 4-methyl-3-pentanol 一、含