21世纪化肥展望.docVIP

【论 坛】 21世纪化肥展望 许秀成 (郑州乐喜施磷复肥技术研究推广中心，河南 郑州 450002) ［关键词］ 21世纪；人口；粮食；化肥；展望 ［摘 要］ 在21世纪内，世界人口还将增加40多亿，人口增长对粮食的需求压力仍很大。在21世纪，化肥仍将发挥重要的作用，但发展速度将趋于稳定。对化肥需求 的预测及化肥发展方向进行了讨论。 ［中图分类号］ TQ 440 ［文献标识码］ A ［文章编号］ 1007-6220(2002)05-0001-05 Prospects for fertilizer in the 21st century XU Xiu-cheng (The Center of Popularization Research on LUXURIANCE@ Phosphate Compound Fertilizer, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China) Key words: the 21st century; population; food; fertilizer; prospect Abstract: The world population will be an increase of 4 billions more in the 21st century. With growth in population, the pressure is still high for meeting the food requirements. Application of chemical fertilizer will keep playing an important role for a good food yield though the growth rate of fertilizer approaches to be stable in the century. Forecasting the requirement and prospecting for chemical fertilizer industry are discussed. 化肥与无公害食品 林 葆，李家康，金继运 (中国农业科学院 土壤肥料研究所，北京 100081) ［关键词］ 化肥；无公害食品 ［摘 要］ 目前无污染的安全、优质、营养类食品的名称众多，按农业行业标准，统称为无公害食品为宜。农业生产中的有机废弃物应当尽可能地循环利用，但经验证明，在农业本身封闭的系统中进行生产，作物产量难以大幅度提高，而且在市场经济的今天也是不可能的。在无公害食品生产中，不应该把有机肥与化肥对立起来，而应当配合使用。世界各主要化肥生产国的氮肥中，硝酸铵是主要品种。有些生产条件和作物，适宜施用硝态氮肥。我国进口的三元复混肥中的氮约有1/2是硝态氮。而我国生产硝态氮十分有限，应适当发展。蔬菜(主要是叶菜、根菜)中硝态氮的高量积累有种种原因，主要是过量、单一施用氮肥和采收期离追肥期太近，应当改正。 ［中图分类号］ S 01 ［文献标识码］ A ［文章编号］ 1007-6220(2002)05-0006-05 Fertilizer and nuisanceless food LIN Bao, LI Jia-kang, JIN Ji-yun (Institute of Soils and Fertilizers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China) Key words: chemical fertilizer; nuisanceless food Abstract: The non-pollutant, safe, high-grade and nutrient food with a different name should be attributed to nuisanceless one according to the standard of agricultural circle. Though waste residue with organic matter in agricultural planting should be made full and repeated use, application of chemical fertilizer should also be combined with organic fertilizer for the production of nuisanceless food, which none is overemphasiz