高中英语语法篇主谓一致.docVIP

高中英语语法篇———主谓一致归类 主谓一致的基本原则 主谓一致有以下三条原则： 1)语法一致原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。例如，主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。 例如：The students are very young．This picture looks beautiful． 2)意义一致原则，即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如，主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数，谓语动词也采取复数形式；而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数，谓语动词也采取单数形式。 1.The people in that country are fighting for independence． 2.The crowd deeply respect their leader． ? 3.Three years in a strange land seems a long time． 3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。例如： Neither he nor I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy．“主语+介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致按英语习惯，，所以当主语后跟有一个介词短语时，其后谓语动词的数只与介词短语前面的主语保持一致，而与介词短语无关。如： A woman with two children has come. 一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。 Everybody but you knows what was happening. 除了你以外，人人都知道出了什么事。 The teacher, together with some of his pupils, was cleaning the room. 教师和他的一些学生一起在打扫教室。 以下两例中的 as well as 也可视为介词，其后谓语与 as well as 前面的： The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting. 学生和他们的老师出席了会议。 I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们愿意帮助你，我也愿意帮助你。 并列结构作主语的主谓一致1. 就近型：由or, either…or, neither…or, not… but…, not only…but also等连接的并列成分作主语时，其。如： Neither you nor he is tired. 你和他都没累。 Not you but I am to blame. 不是你的错而是我的错。 Either my father or my brothers are coming. 不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。 2. 就远型：由as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than 等连接的并列成分作主语，其。如： The son, as well as his parents, wants to go there. 不但儿子想去那儿，而且他的父母也想去。 3. 复数型：由and和both...and连接的并列成分作主语，其。如： (Both) New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。 注：当由and连接的两个并列主语受each, every, no的修饰时，其谓语用单数。另外，当and连接的两个的词语指同一个人或事物时，其谓语也要用单数。如： Every man and woman wants to join it. 每个男女都想加入它。 A teacher and poet visited our school the other day. 早几天一位教师诗人参观了我们学校。 表示时间、距离、度量、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语，被。如： Twenty years is a long time. 二十年是很长时间。 Two kilometers is a long way to go on foot. 步行两千米是一段很长的路程。 Six months have passed, and we still have no news of them. 六个月过去了，我们依然没有他们的消息。 ： Ten dollars is too much for this old coin. 10块钱这么高的价格。 Three dollars were paid for the old coin. 那个古钱花了3块钱。 Twenty years