高考语法填空专项讲解.docVIP

高考语法填空专项讲解 第一讲：时态及语态 一 结构： 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 am/is/are; have/has; cleans/clean am/is/are cleaned 一般过去时 Was/were; had; cleaned was/were/ cleaned 一般将来时 Will/be going to/ be to/ be about to clean Will/be going to/ be to/ be about to be cleaned 现在进行时 am/is/are cleaning am/is/are being cleaned 过去完成时 had cleaned had been cleaned 现在完成时 Have/has cleaned Have/has been cleaned 将来完成时 Will have cleaned Will have been cleaned 现在完成进行时 Have been cleaning \ 二 用法考点分析 1一般现在时 表客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制） eg. Water boils at 100℃. 表现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表经常或习惯性的动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。Eg. Ice feels cold. Eg. We always care for each other. 在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。Eg. If it ____ (rain) tomorrow, I ____ (go) out. Eg. It ____ (not be) long before the rain stops. 2 一般过去时 1) 基本用法：表过去的事情、动作或状态，与表示过去的具体时间连用（或有上下文语境暗示）eg. I met her in the street yesterday. 2) 如果从句中有一个过去时间状语，尽管从句的动作先于主句发生，从句动词连用过去式。 Eg. He told me he ___ (read) an interesting novel last night. 3) 表示几个紧接着的动作或由以下词语连接的句子，用一般过去时，如but ,and , when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute, the first time等 Eg. He stood up, ______ (walk) to the door and ____(open) the door. The moment she ____( come) in , she told me what _____(happen) to me. 3 一般将来时 1）表未来的动作或状态常用will/shall+do 2) 表一种向或习惯动作 eg. We’ll die without air or water. 3) 表向行为动词如come, go , start, begin, leave等动词常用进行时表将来。 4）be about to do 表刚要发生的动作，后常跟when（just at that time）连用。 Eg. I was about to dive into the river when some called me. 4 现在进行时 1）表示说话时正发生的动作。 2）表阶段但不一定发生在说话时 eg. I am writing a novel about love in the war. 3) 表计划或安排的向性动词 4）与always或often 等频度副词连用，表经常发生的行为或某种感情色彩 Eg. The girl is always talking loud in public. 5 过去完成时(表过去的过去) 1）在by, by the end of , by the time, until, before, since后接过去某一时间的短语或表以前发生的动作的从句 Eg. By the end of last year, we ____(produce)20000 cars. The train _____ (leave) before we reached station 2) 表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hope/planned/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述过去式接不定式的完成式即：hoped/palnned…to have done.中文通常翻译成“原想/希望….” Eg. I had pla