托福阅读四插入句子题绪论.pptVIP

托福阅读：插入句子题解题技巧 * * 考察能力 1、相关语句和词汇的理解 2、对于语段中的逻辑顺序的把握 题目特征 Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. (You will see a sentence in bold) Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a [■] to add the sentence to the passage. Question： 在托福阅读中，为什么不论插入题出现在文章的那个位置，这种题都位于总结题之前,存在于倒数第二题的位置呢? ETS是一个很人性化的机构, 如果这类题出现在前几道题的位置, 选错了会对文章的理解造成影响, 影响做其它题。 插入的句子对文章本身的影响有多大？和几句话相关？如果和前后两句话都相关,是不是把它拿掉了, 就会对文章有较大的影响？ 只需要找出待插入的句子跟前后某一句话的逻辑联系即可。 英语句子间的衔接手法(cohesive?devices) 该题型重点考查英文句子间的逻辑语义关系，即英文中句子与句子是如何衔接在一起的。 Cohesive devices 1.?代词(Pronouns)?具体包括人称代词、指示代词和关系代词等（personal, demonstrative, relative, etc）。 在上下句的关联中，代词是最为紧密的一类词。当作者再次谈及上句相关话题时，为了避免重复，遵循语言学的最简单化原理，作者会用代词指代该话题词。 例：? Speaking?a?foreign?language?is?an?enormous?asset?in?the?modern?world.?This?is?why so?many?junior?high?schools?are?now?offering?language?classes. Todays?teachers?are?faced?with?a?stark?choice.?They?must?decide?whether?to?teach in a?way?that?helps?student?pass?standardized?exams?or?teach?in?a?way?that?actually?helps students?learn.? Cohesive devices 2.?定冠词the?+?名词(specific?articles+nouns)?名词所指对象第一次出现时，用不定冠词a连接，当后句再次提及该名词对象时，为了表示它和前一句名词是同一关系，会用定冠词the引出。 例如：A?woman?is?walking?into?our?classroom.?The?woman?is?our?teacher. Cohesive devices ?3.?重复话题词或同义近义改写(Repetition,?synonym,?or?slight?variation?of?a?word)? 上下句的衔接也可以通过重复话题词实现，或者是对该话题词进行相关改写。 例如: To?foster?healthy?relationships?between?children?in?a?classroom,?teachers?should?provide?time?for?games?and?fun?activities.?Having?healthy?relationships?with?their?peers?helps?children?gain?confidence?useful?in?other?parts?of?their?lives.?(重复话题词) Before?choosing?a?public?or?private?school?for?their?children,?parents?should?take?into?account?the?cost.?The?price?of?a?private?school?is?usually?much?higher?than?that?of?a?public?school.?(话题词同义改写)? Cohesive devices 4.?过渡性词和词组(Transitional?phrases/transitional?adverbs)?上面讲到的三种句间关系属于隐性关系。隐性关系通过上下句的语义关系体现。现在，我们要讲的是句子间的显性关系，即通过明显的逻辑连词或副词来体现句间关系。这些显性关系词包括以下类别。? 4.