环境科学概论教学课件(第三讲)摘要.ppt

广东工业大学 环境科学与工程学院 CHAPTER THREE: Kinds of Ecosystems and Communities Forest Coral reef Desert Swamp * OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Recognize the difference between primary and secondary succession. Describe the process of succession from pioneer to climax community in both terrestrial and aquatic situations. Describe how the concepts of succession and climax community developed and how they are used today. Identify the major environmental factors that determine the kind of community that develops in an area. State major abiotic and biotic characteristics of the various terrestrial biomes. State abiotic difference between marine and fresh water ecosystem. State how pelagic and benthic ecosystem differ. Describe the role of phytoplankton and zooplankton in aquatic ecosystems. State biotic differences between marine and freshwater ecosystems. * Succession The communities proceed through a series of recognizable, predictable changes in structure over time is called succession. Primary Succession Primary succession is a successional progression that begins with a total lack of organisms and bare mineral surfaces or water. Terrestrial Primary Succession Aquatic Primary Succession Secondary Succession An original community is a successional progression that begins with destruction or disturbance of an existing ecosystem. 1. Succession * Community: is an assemblage of all the interacting populations of different species of organisms in an area. Climax community: The relatively stable, long-lasting community that is result of succession. * A pioneer organism ：Lichen (Terrestrial ecosystem) Primary succession can begin on a bare rock surface, or in standing water. * Terrestrial primary succession Pioneer stages Intermediate stages Climax community Process of terrestrial succession * Aquatic primary succession Floating plants Submerged plants Early stages – Aquatic vegetation Emergent plants We