高中化学方程式定.docVIP

高中化学方程式大全 非金属单质（F2?，Cl2?,?O2?,?S,?N2?,?P?,?C?,?Si）??1,?氧化性：?F2?+?H2?===?2HF? 2 F2?+2H2O===4HF+O2? Cl2?+H2?===2HCl? Cl2?+2Na===2NaCl? 3Cl2?+2Fe===2FeCl3? Cl2?+2FeCl2?===2FeCl3? Cl2+Cu===CuCl2? 2Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2? Cl2?+2NaI?===2NaCl+I2? Cl2?+Na2S===2NaCl+S? Cl2?+H2S===2HCl+S? Cl2+SO2?+2H2O===H2SO4?+2HCl? 2O2?+3Fe===Fe3O4? S+H2===H2S? S+Fe===FeS? S+2Cu===Cu2S? N2+3H2===2NH3? N2+3Mg===Mg3N2?2．还原性?S+O2?===SO2?? S+ O2?===SO2?? S+6HNO3(浓)===H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O? 3S+4HNO3(稀)===3SO2?+4NO+2H2O? N2+O2?===2NO? C+2Cl2===CCl4? 2C+O2(少量)===2CO?C+ O2(足量)===CO2?C+CO2?===2CO? C+H2O===CO+H2(生成水煤气)?2C+SiO2===Si+2CO(制得粗硅)?Si(粉)+O2===SiO2?Si+C===SiC(金刚砂)?3，（碱中）歧化?Cl2+H2O===HCl+HClO?（加酸抑制歧化，加碱或光照促进歧化）?Cl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2O? 2Cl2+2Ca（OH）2===CaCl2+Ca（ClO）2+2H2O?3Cl2+6KOH（热，浓）===5KCl+KClO3+3H2O?3S+6NaOH===2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O? 3C+SiO2===SiC+2CO↑?二，金属单质（Na，Mg，Al，Fe）的还原性?4Na+O2===2Na2O? 2Na2O+O2===2Na2O2? 2Na+O2===Na2O2? 2Na+S===Na2S（爆炸）?2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H2↑ Mg+Cl2===MgCl2? Mg+Br2===MgBr2? 2Mg+O2===2MgO? Mg+S===MgS? Mg+2H2O===Mg(OH）2+H2 2Mg+CO2===2MgO+C? Mg+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2↑ 2Al+3Cl2===2AlCl3? 4Al+3O2===2Al2O3（钝化）?4Al+3MnO2===2Al2O3+3Mn? 2Al+Cr2O3===Al2O3+2Cr? 2Al+Fe2O3===Al2O3+2Fe? 2Al+3FeO===Al2O3+3Fe? 2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2↑ 2Al+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2↑? 2Al+6H2SO4(浓)===Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O(Al,Fe在冷,浓的H2SO4,HNO3中钝化)?Al+4HNO3(稀)===Al(NO3)3+NO+2H2O? 2Al+2NaOH+2H2O===2NaAlO2+3H2↑? 2Fe+3Br2===2FeBr3? Fe+I2===FeI2? Fe+2HCl===FeCl2+H2↑? Fe+S===FeS? 3Fe+4H2O(g)===Fe3O4+4H2↑?三,?非金属氢化物(HF,HCl,H2O,H2S,NH3)?1,还原性:?4HCl(浓)+MnO2===