(第一讲)Benjamin_Franklin解析.pptVIP

Lecture 1 Colonial Period to the Revolution (1607—1800) Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) Main contents Historical background American Puritanism Benjamin Franklin 1. Historical background Original inhabitants: American Indians. 1492, 12 Oct. --- Christopher Columbus discovered the America. In the early 16th C., the other colonists arrived : Spanish, French ,Dutch, Swedes, Germans, Italians, and Portuguese. in 1607 ---? The first permanent English settlement :Jamestown, Virginia, by Capt. John Smith. In 1620 ---?Puritans came to the New England area, by Mayflower and found Plymouth Colony (普利茅斯殖民地). ship of Mayflower roast turkey The origin of Thanksgiving Day New England 2. American Puritanism What is Puritan? The Puritans were originally devout members of Church of England who advocated highly religious and moral principle. They wished to “purify” their religious belief---to clean up the remains of the Catholicism in Church of England by breaking free from it. Why did Puritans come to America? --- to reform the Church of England and establish an entirely new church. --- Charles I (1603)---to escape religious and political oppression and persecution. --- to get greater economy opportunity for land and for adventure. What is American Puritanism? What are the features of Puritanism? 1. Predestination(宿命论): God decided everything before things occurred. 2. Original sin（原罪）: Human beings were born to be evil . “In Adam’s fall, we all sin” 3. Total depravity（彻底堕落）:Humanity’s absolute corruption since the Fall of Man. 4. Limited atonement（有限救赎）or the salvation of a selected few: Only the “elect” can be saved. 2. Source of American Dream: To achieve freedom , prosperity and success through honest hard work. The ability to rise from rags to riches through hard work. life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for e