3细胞增殖有丝分裂与减数分裂.docVIP

河南科技大学教案首页 课程名称 专业英语（1） 计划学时 4 授课章节 Lesson Three Cellular Reproduction：Mitosis and Meiosis 第三课 细胞增殖： 有丝分裂和减数分裂 教学目的和要求： 1 掌握课文中基本词汇 2 掌握过程1 Glossary 2 The Nucleus and Chromosomes 3 The Cell Cycle 4 Mitosis：Partitioning the Hereditary Material Cytokinesis：Partitioning the Cytoplasm Meiosis：The Basis of Sexual Reroduction 7 Asexual Versus Sexual Reproduction 教学重点和难点： 有丝分裂和减数分裂过程Lesson Three Cellular Reproduction：Mitosis and Meiosis 细胞增殖： 有丝分裂和减数分裂 第一部分：专业词汇 1. 细胞周期相关的词汇 mitosis 有丝分裂 meiosis 减数分裂 interphase 分裂间期 prophase 分裂前期 metaphase 分裂中期 anaphase 分裂后期 telophase 分裂末期 2. 染色体相关的词汇 chromatid 染色单体 chromatin 染色质 nucleosome 核小体 histone 组蛋白 centromere 着丝粒 diploid 二倍体 haploid 单倍体 homologous pair 同源染色体配对 karyotype 核型 3. 细胞分裂中出现的一些结构 cell plate 细胞板 metaphase plate 赤道板 spindle 纺锤体 synaptinemal complex 联会复合体 第二部分：课文分析 1. The Nucleus and Chromosomes The cell nucleus is the main repository of genetic information.Within the nucleus are the chromosomes --tightly coiled strands of DNA and clusters of associated proteins. Long stretches of the continuous DNA molecule wind around these clusters of proteins，or histones，forming beadlike complexes known as nucleosomes. More coiling and supercoiling produces a dense chromosome structure.Each long strand of DNA combines with histones and nonhistone proteins to make up the substance chromatin。 1. 细胞核和染色体 细胞核是遗传信息的主要的贮存场所。 在细胞核内的是染色体 –紧密盘绕DNA 和成串的结合蛋白质组成。连续的DNA 分子伸展的长链围绕着这群蛋白质，或者组蛋白， 形成珍珠状的复合物—核小体。更多的缠绕和超螺旋产生紧密的染色体结构。每个DNA长链和组蛋白、非组蛋白结合，共同构成染色质。 A pictorial display of an organism’s chromosomes in the coiled,condensed state is known as a karyotype. Karyotypes reveal that in most cells all but sex chromosomes are present as two copies，referred to as homologous pairs. Non-sex chromosomes are called autosomes.Organisms whose cells contain two sets of parental chromosomes are called diploid;those