英语修辞鉴赏3.pptVIP

III. Figures of association 关联修辞格 3.1 metonymy借代 3.1.1 Definition The substitution of one thing for another. We name something by one of its attributes and it can bring a sort of association between the two things. A change of name Crown for king, the Whitehouse for the president, kettle for water( the kettle boils.) Uncle Tom: a black eager to win the approval of whites and willing to cooperate with them Shakespeare: Shakespeare’s works The pen is mightier than the sword. (the instrument, pen or sword, as the name for the people using it) To have a loose tongue To have a bitter tongue To have a silver tongue Surely anyone who professes to think that the question of art and cultivation must go before that of the knife and fork does not understand what art means. The knife and fork: 生计 During World War II, Hitler attempted to carry fire and sword into every part of the world. fire and sword: destructive war The coat would be beyond his miserable pocket. She is coming, my life, my fate. Life and fate: she She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head The glories of our blood and state Are shadows, not substantial things; There is no armor against fate; Death lays his icy hand on kings; Scepter（象征君主权位的）节杖 and Crown Must tumble down, And in the dust be equal made With the poor crooked Scythe长柄大镰刀 and Spade. (J. Shirley) 显贵王侯 全会倒毙， 与贱农并肩 齐埋在尘土之中。 What do scepter and crown, scythe and spade suggest? What are they usually associated with? As we all know, kings wear crowns and carry scepters as symbols of their power and authority; scythes and spades are tools used by peasants, workers of the land. The poet wishes to say, that death does not discriminate between the high and the low, that death comes to kings and peasants alike. He makes this point very pithily 简洁的by using metonymy, and contrasting sceptre and crown (representing kings and queens)