学习理论模式与方法（英文）.pptVIP

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学习理论模式与方法（英文）.ppt

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Learning Theories, Models, and Methods A GILD Tutorial Presenter: M.E. Sanseverino Jan 22, 2003 Tutorial Goals 1.1 Theories: Behavioural Primary Focus Observable behaviour Stimulus-response connections Assumptions Learning is a result of environmental forces Subcategories Contiguity Respondent (Classical) Operant (Instrumental) Major Theorists Thorndike Pavlov Watson Skinner Principles Time/place pairings Biological basis of behaviour Consequences Modelling 1.1.1 Behavioural: Subcategories 1.2 Theories: Cognitive Primary Focus Mental behaviour Knowledge Intelligence Critical Thinking Assumptions Learning is a result of mental operations/ processing Subcategories Information Processing Hierarchical Developmental Critical Thinking Major Theorists Bloom Piaget Gagne Principles Memory is limited Changes in complexity Changes over time Good thinking requires standards 1.2.1 Cognitive Subcategories 2.2.3 Models: Thinking to a Standard 2.2.4 Models: Critical Thinking Model 2.2.5 Piaget’s Model of Cognitive Development Sensorimotor stage (Infancy). Pre-operational stage (Toddler and Early Childhood) Use of symbols, language use matures, memory and imagination are developed, thinking is nonlogical, nonreversable. Concrete operational stage (Elementary and early adolescence). Intelligence demonstrated through logical and systematic manipulation of symbols related to concrete objects. Formal operational stage (Adolescence and adulthood). Intelligence demonstrated through the logical use of symbols related to abstract concepts. 1.3 Theories: Humanistic Primary Focus Affect/Values Self-Concept/Self-Esteem Needs Assumptions Learning is a result of affect/emotion and goal-orientation Subcategories Affect Motivation/Needs Self-concept Self-esteem Major Theorists Rogers Maslow N. V. Peale Principles Individual uniqueness Self-determination Dreams and goals are vital for success 1.3.1 Humanistic Subcategories 2.3.1 Models: The Affective