染整专业英语课堂练习.docVIP

1 What is fibre Fibres are the foundation of textile industry. All textiles are made of fibres. All of the production flows and formulae in textiles wet proceccing stages including pre-treatment, dyeing, printing and final finishing are designed and conducted on the basis of the properties of the fibres from which the textiles are made. So it is necessary for us to review the fibre’s definition and properties before we discuss the wet treatment of textiles. What is a fibre? Fibre is the smallest visible unit of matter that has a high length to diameter ratio, fineness and flexibility. The above definition for textile fibres is very broad. So many things are demanded of fibres in many different uses. However, some characteristics can be identified which all textile fibres must have if they are to be commercially successful: a high length to diameter ratio, strength, extensibility and elasticity, resistance to chemicals, heat and sunlight, and ability to take colour. Fibers are usually grouped in order to research or discuss or apply them conventiently. Most of fibres are polymer. Besed on their chemical composition, fibres can be classified into many groups such as cellulosic fibre, protein fibre, viscose fibre, polyamide fibre, polyester fibre and polycrylic fibre, etc.. But the most convenient grouping divides them into two basic groups accouding to their origins: i.e. natural and man-made fibres. Natural fibres refer to all fibers that occur in fibre form in nature, including cotton ,linen, wool, silk, and so on, which have been known and used for thousands of years. As natural fibres cannot meet the requirement of people, many polymers that do not naturally exist in the form of fibre have been processed into the fibre form, usually by forcing the viscous polymers through a spinneret that consists of a series of tiny holes arranged in a circle, and used as fibres. These products are known as man-made fibres. The two basic groups can then be fur