认知负荷对色词Stroop干扰效应的影响.doc

认知负荷对色词Stroop干扰效应的影响 岳妍△ （陕西师范大学 陕西 西安710062） 摘要：目的 依据负荷理论，认知负荷会导致选择性注意任务中干扰刺激干扰效应的增加。本研究目的在于检验两种类型的认知负荷对色词Stroop干扰效应的影响。方法 实验一通过比较色词Stroop任务与言语工作记忆任务同时进行的双任务区组（高负荷条件）与单任务区组（低负荷条件）来检验认知负荷对构成Stroop干扰效应的语义冲突及反应冲突产生的影响。实验二则通过比较色词Stroop任务与言语工作记忆任务相协调的双任务区组（高负荷条件）与单任务区组（低负荷条件）来操纵认知负荷。结果 实验一的结果显示工作记忆负荷变化对语义冲突及反应冲突均不产生影响。实验二发现虽然在反应时指标上认知负荷与一致性之间未产生显著交互作用，但在错误率指标上两者交互作用达到显著，说明在高认知负荷条件下反应冲突显著增加了。结论 认知负荷对选择性注意任务中干扰刺激干扰效应的影响取决于认知负荷类型及冲突所发生的水平 关键词：认知负荷；Stroop效应；语义冲突；反应冲突 中图分类号:B842.1 文献标识码:A Effect of cognitive load on the color-word Stroop interference effect ABSTRACT: Objective According to load theory, cognitive load increases distractor interference effects in selective attention task. The present experiments examine the effect of two kinds of cognitive load on the color-word Stroop interference effect. Methods In Experiment 1, I compared semantic and response conflict both contributing to the overall Stroop interference effect between dual-task blocks high load condition in which the color-word Stroop task was combined with a concurrent verbal working memory task and single-task blocks low load condition . In Experiment 2, semantic and response conflict in the Stroop task when it was coordinated with the verbal working memory task high load condition were campared with single task blocks low load condition . Results The result of Experiment 1 indicates that semantic and response conflict are not influenced by woriking memory load. In Experiment 2, although the lack of significant interaction in reaction time, there is a significant interaction between cognitive load and congruency in error rates which demonstrates a significant increase in response conflict in high cognitive load condition. Conclusions How cognitive load affects distractor interference effects in selective attention task depends on the type of cognitive load and the level which conflict occurs at. Key words: Cognitive load; Stroop effect; Semantic conflict; Response conflict Chinese Library Classificati