国际公约框架下被盗文物应予返还原则的实现%3a以1995年UNIDROIT公约为例.pdfVIP

国际公约框架下被盗文物应予返还原则的实现:以1995 年 UNIDROIT 公约为例 * 高升 摘 要：1995 年 UNIDROIT 公约通过尝试制定可以为不同法律体系国家采纳的关于文物返 还的统一规则，旨在促进被盗和非法出口文物的收回和返还。该公约确立了被盗文物应予返还的 基本原则，但该原则的实现受到时效期间和善意取得的制约。该公约规定的时效规则及善意取得 补偿原则是文物来源国与文物市场国、原始所有人与善意取得者之间利益的协调与平衡的结果。 发现规则的引入、善意推定的否定及善意标准的客观化可以为正确理解被盗文物应予返还原则并 促使其实现找到利益平衡的支点。 关键词：被盗文物；1995 年UNIDROIT 公约；时效限制；善意取得；利益平衡 On Realization of the Principle That Stolen Cultural Objects Be Returned: The 1995 UNIDROIT Convention Gao Sheng Abstract: 1995 UNIDROIT Convention is intended to facilitate the return of stolen or illegally exported cultural objects by establishing uniform legal rules which may be recognized by different legal systems. That stolen cultural objects be returned is one of settled principles of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention, realization of which is counterbalanced by the limitation periods and good faith acquisition. Both the limitation periods rule and the right to compensation are results of the balance of interests between cultural object source nations and market nations as well as between original owner and good faith possessor. To well understand the return principle and make it more effectively, we should find the exact point of balance by introducing the discovery rule, abandoning presumption of good faith and making the standard of good faith more objective. Key Words: Stolen Cultural Objects; 1995 UNIDROIT Convention; Limitation Periods; Good-faith Acquisition; Balance of Interests 文物是国家和民族文化认同感和归属感不可替代的明证，保护文物是对历史、文化及传统的 尊重。世界范围内，随着文物国际保护的日益加强，遏制文物非法跨国流转的国际公约相继诞生。 1995 年国际统一私法协会(UNIDROIT) 通过的《关于被盗或者非法出口文物的公约》(1995 年 UNIDROIT 公约)①在促进非法流转文物的收回和返还方面，通过尝试在相互冲突的利益之间达成